Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-09-04"
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- Social representation of alcohol in perspectivePublication . Castillo, José A. García del; Castillo-López, Álvaro García del; López-Sánchez, Carmen; Dias, Paulo C.Alcohol is an addictive substance that is integrated and normalized indifferentcultural contexts, and therefore has different forms of social representation. These haveevolved significantly over the years, as evidenced by the changing consideration ofalcohol as avice to a disease in developed societies over the last fifty years. Socialrepresentation is considered to be a way of building and interpret in reality and ofintegrating collective beliefs. However, a leitmotif exists in societies that have traditionallyconsumed alcohol, characterized by a great permissiveness that leads to increasedconsumption. We have reviewed some works that analyze these issues and in conclusion,we point out that social representation is a modifiable construct that may be used as apreventive action in alcohol consumption in thegeneral population and more specifically,in experimental consumption amongst young people.
- Bruxism – literature reviewPublication . Veiga, Nélio; Angelo, Tânia; Ribeiro, Octávio; Baptista, AndréIntroduction: Bruxism is an oral parafunction prevalent in all age groups which is characterized by the involuntary teeth grinding and/or clenching that may occur at any time of the day. It has a multifactorial etiology associated with occlusal and psychological factors and / or habits that can compromise the orthognatic system that may bring negative consequences. Objective: To make a revision article from the existing literature on the etiological factors, clinical manifestations and treatment of bruxism. Materials and methods: Data search was accomplished using Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases applying the keywords “bruxism”, “etiology and symptoms”, “attrition injuries”, “teeth grinding”, “muscular-articular disorders”, “TMJ dysfunction”. From the 102 articles, after analysis of all the abstracts, 34 articles and 4 textbooks were included. Results: The main consequences of bruxism are muscle fatigue, pain, use of incisal edges and occlusal surfaces of the teeth, and in more severe cases teeth loss, headache, periodontal lesions and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ disorders). These clinical manifestations may increase the difficulty of oral rehabilitation of edentulous areas and teeth restoration. They may also cause vertical dimension loss and the decrease of patients’ quality of life. Early diagnosis and identification of the etiologic factors are important to prevent the progression of lesions in the orofacial structures such as pain relief of the craniofacial muscles, restoration of the lost structures and reestablishment of vertical dimension. Conclusion: Bruxism presents a high frequency in all age groups and has become an important oral health issue. This parafunctional habit consists in an important change in the oral sensory-motor system, requiring a multidisciplinary approach, in order to reduce injuries in osteodental structures. Lately, its prevalence has increased and is associated with several factors such as stress, drugs, anxiety and sleep disorders, among others. The dentist should be aware of the signs and symptoms in order to prescribe the best treatment, providing the patients a better quality of life.
- Critérios de intervenção e estratégias para a avaliação da qualidade de reintegração cromática em pinturaPublication . Bailão, Ana Maria dos Santos; Manuel, Ana Maria Calvo; Galán, Rocío BruquetasEsta tese insere-se na área da conservação e restauro de pintura de cavalete, cuja investigação está direcionada para a reintegração cromática. O objetivo é apresentar um conjunto de estratégias que auxiliem o processo de reintegração cromática e que permitam fundamentar e validar a intervenção realizada. Pretende-se aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre os critérios de reintegração, sobre as diferentes etapas que constituem uma intervenção desta natureza, a visão das cores, as técnicas, a análise e caracterização de lacunas e matizes, os produtos e materiais de reintegração, e finalmente, a mistura e acerto da cor. Os novos dados resultantes desta projeto podem contribuir para a otimização do método de trabalho do conservador-restaurador na concretização prática da reintegração cromática, seja ela mimética ou diferenciada. A natureza desta investigação exigiu uma abordagem interdisciplinar que relacionou metodologias e conhecimentos das áreas da conservação e do restauro, da física, da química, da história da arte, da gestão da qualidade, da psicologia da forma (gestaltismo), psicologia cognitiva e algumas ferramentas computorizadas de documentação com sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG). A reunião dos conhecimentos adquiridos, a sua interpretação, e a aplicação à especificidade da reintegração cromática foi efetuada com a ajuda de especialistas de cada uma das áreas, bem como com outros conservadores-restauradores para que a conjugação de todos os saberes num único sentido fosse agregadora de valências.