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- Genotypic analysis of candida albicans isolates obtained from removable prosthesis wearersPublication . Costa, F.; Manaia, C. M.; Figueiral, M. H.; Pinto, E.Aims: To assess of the genotypic diversity of Candida albicans isolated from removable prosthesis wearers, with and without denture-related stomatitis (DRS). The occurrence of different genotypes in pathological and control cases was investigated. Methods and Results: One hundred and sixty-four isolates of C. albicans obtained from different oral cavity locations were compared by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The coherence of this analysis was confirmed by genotyping a selected group of isolates with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among the 164 isolates, 150 were grouped into seven groups on the basis of their RAPD patterns. Three of these groups (comprising 54 isolates) had significant (α < 0.10) predominance of clinical or control cases. For the other isolates, no significant differences were observed between control and DRS cases. Occasionally, more than one genotype was found in the same person. These findings were sustained by PFGE analysis. No relevant associations between the genotypic patterns and pathology level were found. Conclusions: This study evidenced that C. albicans with similar genotypes may be found in individuals with DRS and in control cases. Significance and Impact of the Study: This conclusion hints the involvement of other aetiological factors that alone or in association with C. albicans may trigger the emergence of DRS.
- Evaluation of different substrates to support the growth of Typha latifolia in constructed wetlands treating tannery wastewater over long-term operationPublication . Calheiros, Cristina S. C.; Rangel, António O. S. S.; Castro, Paula M. L.The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Typha latifolia treating tannery wastewater under long-term operation. Two expanded clay aggregates (Filtralite® MR3–8-FMR and Filtralite® NR3–8-FNR) and a fine gravel-FG were used as substrate for the constructed wetland units plus one unit with FMR was left as an unvegetated control. The systems were subject to three hydraulic loadings, 18,8 and 6cm d⁻¹, and to periods of interruption in the feed. The relationship between the substrate, plant development and removal efficiency, especially of organic matter, was investigated. Organic loadings up to 1800 kg BOD5 ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ and 3849 kg COD ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ were applied leading to mass removals of up to 652 kg BOD₅ ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ and 1869 kg COD ha⁻¹ d⁻¹, respectively. The three different substrates were adequate for the establishment of T. latifolia, although the clay aggregates allowed for higher plant propagation levels. The units with FNR and FMR achieved significantly higher COD and BOD₅ removal when compared to the FG and to the unplanted units. The systems proved to be tolerant to high organic loadings and to interruptions in feed suggesting this technology as a viable option for the biological treatment of tannery wastewater.
- Tocqueville: a democracia e a guerraPublication . Franco, Lívia