Browsing by Author "Salsinha, A. S."
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- Characterization of potential CLA-producing strains according to LA tolerancePublication . Fontes, A. L.; Pimentel, L. L.; Salsinha, A. S.; Cardoso, B.; Andrade, J. C.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, L. M.; Gomes, A. M.Introduction: Linoleic acid (LA) present in ruminants diet goes through a series of reactions within the rumen, called the biohydrogenation pathway. This pathway ends up converting LA to stearic acid (C18), but several intermediate products are formed, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, which have been extensively studied for their potential bioactive properties1,2. Different ruminal bacteria are involved in this process, however, strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and propionibacteria isolated from human intestine and dairy products have also demonstrated the ability to produce those fatty acids3. Most in vitro CLA production assays normally test potential producing strains by culturing them in the presence of a pure LA solution at 0.5 mg/mL or less4. However, possibly there are some strains that can tolerate higher concentrations of LA and if they are producers, CLA yields may probably be higher. Objective: The major aim of this work was to determine the maximum LA concentration that potential CLA-producing strains can tolerate in further in vitro production assays. Conclusions: In conclusion, potential CLA-producing strains exhibit different LA tolerance degrees, being lactobacilli the more tolerant at the highest LA concentration assayed. Currently overlooked, this is an important parameter to consider in future production tests.
- Optimization of linoleic acid emulsion preparation to reduce substrate losses after filter-sterilizationPublication . Fontes, A. L.; Pimentel, L. L.; Salsinha, A. S.; Cardoso, B.; Andrade, J. C.; Gomes, A. M.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, L. M.
- Potential of omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids to control microglia inflammatory imbalance elicited by obesogenic nutrientsPublication . Salsinha, A. S.; Socodato, R.; Rodrigues, A.; Vale-Silva, R.; Relvas, J. B.; Pintado, M.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, L. M.High-fat diet-induced obesity detrimentally affects brain function by inducing chronic low-grade inflammation. This neuroinflammation is, at least in part, likely to be mediated by microglia, which are the main immune cell population in the brain. Microglia express a wide range of lipid-sensitive receptors and their activity can be modulated by fatty acids that cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, by combining live cell imaging and FRET technology we assessed how different fatty acids modulate microglia activity. We demonstrate that the combined action of fructose and palmitic acid induce Ikβα degradation and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) in HCM3 human microglia. Such obesogenic nutrients also lead to reactive oxygen species production and LynSrc activation (critical regulators of microglia inflammation). Importantly, short-time exposure to omega-3 (EPA and DHA), CLA and CLNA are sufficient to abolish NF-κB pathway activation, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role. Omega-3 and CLA also show an antioxidant potential by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production, and the activation of LynSrc in microglia. Furthermore, using chemical agonists (TUG-891) and antagonists (AH7614) of GPR120/FFA4, we demonstrated that omega-3, CLA and CLNA inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is mediated by this receptor, while omega-3 and CLA antioxidant potential occurs through different signaling mechanisms.
- Study of inflammation mediated by fatty acids in a microglia cell model - the obesity perspectivePublication . Salsinha, A. S.; Rodrigues, A.; Socodato, R.; Relvas, J. B.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, L. M.; Pintado, M. E.
- Study of inflammation mediated by lipids in a Microglia Cell Model to deepen into brain dysregulation by obesityPublication . Salsinha, A. S.; Rodrigues, A.; Socodato, R.; Relvas, J. B.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, L. M.; Pintado, M. E.
- The role of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in microglia modulationPublication . Salsinha, A. S.; Rodrigues, A.; Socodato, R.; Relvas, J. B.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, L. M.; Pintado, M. E.