Percorrer por autor "McCleskey, Jim A."
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- Decomposing spatial effects of state-level health outcomes: a methodological demonstration and re-analysisPublication . Gruda, Dritjon; Hanges, Paul; McCleskey, Jim A.While spatial autoregressive (SAR) models are increasingly used in population-level psychological studies, researchers often overlook the crucial step of parsing effects into direct, indirect and total impacts, a standard practice in spatial econometrics. In this paper, we demonstrate the necessity of this practice by re-analyzing Gruda et al.'s (2024) U.S. Dark-Triad and health dataset with heteroskedasticity-robust SAR models and full impact decomposition, revealing significant changes. The previously observed direct protective effect of state-level narcissism on hypertension mortality disappeared when accounting for interstate spillovers. Conversely, the association with lower cancer prevalence and depression strengthened. Several health-behaviour findings reversed direction, indicating naïve regressions conflated within- and between-state effects. Machiavellianism and psychopathy coefficients also shifted. These results demonstrate that spatial spillovers can dilute, negate or reverse local effects, cautioning against policy inferences based solely on direct estimates.
- Hit me with your best puff: personality predicts preference for cigar vs. cigarette smokingPublication . Gruda, Dritjon; McCleskey, Jim A.In this study, we examine the association between Big Five personality traits and cigar or cigarette smoking in a sample of 9,918 older adults across 11 European countries derived from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset. We find significant associations between several traits and smoking groups. Smoking was associated with lower scores on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness and higher Extraversion scores. In addition, cigar smokers exhibit lower Neuroticism and higher Openness compared to both cigarette smokers and non-smokers. These findings suggest that both personality traits are antecedents of smoking behavior, offering implications for targeted public health interventions and social policies aimed at combating the global tobacco epidemic.
- I hear you call my name and it feels like home: Right-Wing Authoritarianism and academic major choicePublication . Gruda, Dritjon; McCleskey, Jim A.Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is characterized by a preference for order, hierarchy, and conformity to norms, and has been associated with conservative values and structured environments. Using a sample of 5762 participants across 18 majors, we examine the association between RWA and academic college major choice, proposing that individuals with higher RWA scores are more likely to select disciplines that align with their values of structure and authority. We found that individuals with higher RWA scores were more likely to choose disciplines emphasizing authority and tradition, such as Business, Law, and Medicine. We also found a moderating effect of gender, in that men with high RWA tended to select traditionally masculine fields (e.g., Engineering and Law), while women favored caregiving-oriented majors (e.g., Psychology and Social Work), reinforcing conventional gender roles. These findings suggest that RWA influences not only political and social attitudes but also academic choices, highlighting the importance of considering personality traits in understanding educational trajectories and their broader social implications.
- I keep my mind on my money and my money on my mind: trait machiavellianism in business majorsPublication . Gruda, Dritjon; McCleskey, Jim A.Recent research has shown a particularly positive association between Machiavellianism and academic major choices, namely Economics, Law, and Politics. Interestingly, previous findings indicated that the academic major Business – usually portrayed as power-hungry and greedy in mainstream media and movies – was not positively associated with Machiavellianism. In this paper, we posit that these prior results are incomplete since Business is a college major encompassing several sub-fields (e.g., Advertising, Finance, Human Resources). Using a sample of 2630 participants from 110 countries and nine business majors, we found overall support for a significant association between Machiavellianism and specific business specializations, with Finance majors scoring highest on Machiavellianism. We compare these findings to prior results and break down results by gender.