Browsing by Author "Maia, B."
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- Association between appearance schemas and personality traitsPublication . Maia, B.; Marques, M.; Carvalho, F.Introduction: Personality traits play are related to many forms of psychological distress, such as body dissatisfaction. Objectives: To explore the associations between appearance schemas and personality traits. Methods: 494 university students (80.2% females; 99.2% single), with a mean age of 20.17 years old (SD=1.77; range:18-20), filled in the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised, the NEO-Personality Inventory, and the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Results: A significant difference was found in Self-evaluation Salience scores by sex [females (M=37.99,SD=7.82); males (M=35.36,SD=6.60);t(489)=-3.052,p=.002]. Having conducted correlations separately, by sex, Self-Evaluation Salience was correlated with Concern Over Mistakes (r=.27), Doubts about Actions (r=.35), and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (r=.23). For females, Self-evaluation Salience was correlated with Concern Over Mistakes (r=.34), Personal Standards (r=.25), Doubts about Actions (r=.33), Parental Expectations (r=.24), Parental Criticism (r=.24), Organization (r=.11), Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (r=.31), Self-Oriented Perfectionism (r=.32), and Neuroticism (r=.33). Concerning Motivational Salience, in the total sample (not separately, by sex), this scale/dimension significantly correlated with Conscientiousness (r=. 18), Personal Standards (r=.23), Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (r=. 10), and Self-Oriented Perfectionism (r=.29). Conclusions: Females seem to value more their self-appearance and, in females, the salience of appearance in life seems to be associated with maladaptive-perfectionism, as well as with adaptive-perfectionism. In males, the salience of appearance was only related with adaptive perfectionism. Males seem more concerned with their own standards, while for females other´s standards are also relevant. In females the level of salience of appearance in life seems to relate to the experience of feelings, such as anxiety/depression (neuroticism). The motivation to improve appearance seemed to be particularly related, in both sex, to adaptive perfectionism.
- Involuntary hospitalization and future coercive experiences - a retrospective studyPublication . Cagigal, C.; Moura, D.; Maia, B.; Cabral, A.Introduction: The involuntary hospitalization is required when an individual with severe mental illness poses serious danger to himself or others. Therefore, it is an intervention that profoundly affects one´s self-determination. The literature reports that patients being involuntarily admitted to hospital have a higher risk of involuntary readmissions. Objectives: To evaluate the influence of involuntary hospitalization on other future coercive hospital admissions. Methods: This is a retrospective study of a sample of 28 patients with a mean age of 46,9 years who underwent a psychiatric evaluation in the years of 2017 and 2018 at Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal. Several variables were collected, including the existence of past history of involuntary hospitalization and the need for further coercive hospitalization after the evaluation. All statistical data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS® version 26. Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between the history of involuntary hospitalization and subsequent compulsive hospital admissions (p > 0.05, α = 0.05). Conclusions: The results of our study do not corroborate data from previous research. Although we should take into account the small size of our sample, it is important to highlight the low rate of involuntary hospitalization in our country (3.2%) compared to other European countries (e.g. 30% in Sweden). The robust social support in the community, as well as our institution’s rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic programs focusing on insight, could be crucial contributors to these results.
- The mediating role of children's perfectionism in the association between mindful parenting and children’s well-beingPublication . Moreira, H.; Maia, B.Although scarce, there is some evidence that parental practices are associated with the development of children’s perfectionism. Mindful parenting, a parental approach characterized by the practice of bringing mindful awareness to parent-child interactions, is associated with several positive psychosocial outcomes in children. However, no study examined whether it is associated with children’s perfectionism. The aim of this study is to test a path model to explore whether mindful parenting can contribute to lower levels of children’s perfectionism and, consequently, to higher levels of children’s well-being. A sample of 222 mother- child dyads (56.3% girls; Mage = 11.97 years, SD = 2.91, range = 8-18 years) was collected in a public school in central Portugal. Mothers completed the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale and children completed the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Kidscreen-10 index. The indirect effect of mindful parenting on children’s well-being through perfectionism (socially prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism) was explored through the Process macro for SPSS. Children’s age was introduced as a covariate. Higher levels of mindful parenting were associated with higher levels of children’s well-being only through lower levels of socially prescribed perfectionism (point estimate = .036, 95%BcCI = [.002, .100]), in a model explaining 30.26% of the children’s well-being variance. These results suggest that mindful parents seem to help their children to be less perfectionists, particularly to feel less pressured by others to be perfect, and consequently, to experience greater well-being. One key feature of mindful parenting is the non-judgmental acceptance of children’s shortcomings and limitations, which seem to protect them from developing maladaptive perfectionism.
- The relationship between body mass index and internet problematic use, eating disturbances, sleep difficulties, and psychological distress in portuguese university studentsPublication . Soares, M. J.; Pereira, A. T.; Maia, B.; Gomes, A.; Macedo, A.Introduction: Body mass index (BMI), in overweight and obese individuals, have been associated with sedentary habits, unhealthy use of internet, eating disturbances, sleep difficulties, and psychological distress. Objectives: To investigate the association between BMI and internet use patterns and problematic use, eating disturbances, sleep difficulties, and psychological distress among Portuguese university students Methods: 456 students (76.9% females; meanSD age=20.301.90 years old) fulfilled a questionnaire that include questions on sociodemographic data, internet use patterns, eating habits during internet use, the Portuguese version of the Generalized Problematic Interne Use Scale 2 (GPIU), the Eating Attitudes Test 25, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21, and the Basic Scale on Insomnia Complaints and Quality of Sleep (BaSIQS). Results: BMI mean score was of 22.01 (SD=2.91, range 15-35), underweight were 6.1%, normal weight 81.1%, overweight 10.7% and obese 2%. Significant correlations were found between BMI and individual’s perception that online activity’s impair the quality of their interpersonal relationships (r=.104, p<.05), consume of sweet/ salty/ starchy foods during online activity´s (r=.107, p<.05), global eating disturbances (r=.174, p<.01), diet concerns (r=.301, p<.01), bulimic behaviours (r=.204, p<.01), social pressure to eat (r=-.430, p<.01), psychological distress (r=.114, p<.05), stress (r=.101, p<.05), anxiety (r=.128, p<.01). None of the GPIU and BaSIQS total and dimensions scores were significantly related to BMI. Conclusions: The results do not support the association between students BMI and internet use patterns and problematic use. The kind of food consumed during online activity´s, eating disturbances and psychological distress should be addressed by intervention strategies for overweight students.