Percorrer por autor "Cruz, Marta"
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- Stroke and spinal cord injury induced by psychoactive substance use in drug addiction: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Moreira, Diana; Pereira, Celina; Cruz, Marta; Dias, Paulo C.; Leite, ÂngelaIntroduction: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronic brain conditions with significant neurological consequences, yet the specific neurological effects of psychoactive substances remain insufficiently characterized. This systematic review investigates the neurological sequelae and comorbidities associated with psychoactive substance abuse. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we addressed the question: What are the neurological effects and comorbidities of psychoactive substance use in addiction? A search of EBSCO, Web of Science, and PubMed identified 330 articles (1967–2023), with 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. Results: Stimulants, opioids, cannabis, and hallucinogens were linked to stroke, with risk modulated by substance purity, administration routes (e.g., intravenous use), and polysubstance combinations. Opioids contributed to ischemic strokes via cardiac arrhythmias and haemorrhagic strokes through vasculitis or hypertension. Current substance users exhibited a 13.8% stroke incidence and higher mortality. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) were associated with pre-injury opioid, alcohol, and cannabis use, worsening post-injury complications such as infections and poor rehabilitation outcomes. Demographically, younger individuals with SCI reported higher cocaine and hallucinogen use, while older adults showed greater tobacco and alcohol dependence. Conclusions: Psychoactive substance use elevates risks of stroke and SCI through neurotoxic, vascular, and behavioral mechanisms. These findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated clinical models that address addiction and neurological comorbidities simultaneously. Multidisciplinary approaches, combining neurology and addiction care, are critical to mitigating long-term disability. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to unravel chronic neurodegenerative outcomes and refine harm-reduction strategies. This work advocates for policy reforms to expand access to evidence-based SUD treatments, particularly in underserved populations.
- The influence of WOM and peer interaction in the decision-making process of Generation Z within the familyPublication . Silva, Susana Costa e; Machado, Joana César; Cruz, MartaGeneration Z is the first generation who has grown up in the middle of an era of developed information technology, being one of the most critical users of social networking sites (SNS), constantly engaging in online exchanging of information and conversation between peers. The study of this generation’s consumer behaviors is an opportunity for marketers to get to know their preferences, identify the major influences on their decision-making process, and understand how to target them more effectively. In this paper, we designed a survey to study the effect of peer interaction and word-of-mouth (WOM) on the different stages of Generation Z’s decision-making process, and to understand how this generation’s preferences are formed. Data was analyzed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equations Modeling. Results showed that peer interaction positively influences Generation Z’s decision-making, most predominantly in the first stages of the process, while the influence of WOM was not statistically supported. Other factors should be considered in the future, to uncover the different determinants of generation Z’s decisions, so that marketers can develop more accurate strategies to best target this younger generation.