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Abstract(s)
Background: Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a leading modifiable risk factor associated with risks of
adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Nevertheless, there is paucity of evidence if consumption of some food groups is
associated with lower risk of APO, particularly in low-income settings. We aimed to determine whether consumption
of some food groups is associated with lower risk of APOs such as: preterm birth (PTB), low-birth weight (LBW), and
stillbirth in rural Central Ethiopia.
Methods: A multi-center (8 health centers) prospective cohort study, enrolling 432 pregnant women during their
initial antenatal care visit, was employed. All mothers were then followed monthly (for a total of four visits) from
enrollment to delivery. Midwives in respective health centers assessed dietary diversity using the Women’s individual
dietary diversity score and evaluated birth outcomes following standard procedures. Logistic regression models were
run to predict association of food groups with the APO.
Findings: Out of the 374 pregnant women who completed the study, one in five [74 (19.8%)] experienced at least one
of the APO: 34 (9.1%) gave birth to LBW babies, 51(13.6%) had PTB and 17 (4.5%) experienced stillbirth. Poor or
inconsistent consumption (<¾ assessments) of dark green leafy vegetables (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.01; 95%
confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.87), dairy products (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.11–6.30), and fruits and vegetables (AOR =
2.92; 95% CI: 1.49–5.67) were independently associated with higher APO risks. Whereas, being nonanemic at term
(AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.12–0.48) was independently associated with lower APO risks.
Conclusions: Poor or inconsistent consumption of dairy, dark green leafy vegetables and fruits were associated with
higher risk of APOs. While community-based trials and mechanistic studies are needed to substantiate these findings,
efforts to promote dietary
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Pedagogical Context
Citation
Zerfu, T.A., Pinto, E., Baye, K. (2018). Consumption of dairy, fruits and dark green leafy vegetables is associated with lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO): a prospective cohort study in rural Ethiopia. Nutrition and Diabetes, 8:52
Publisher
Springer Nature