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Travel-associated international spread of Oropouche virus beyond the Amazon

2025-04-01Research article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorIani, Felipe Campos de Melo
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Felicidade Mota
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Elaine Cristina de
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Janete Taynã Nascimento
dc.contributor.authorMachado, Mariza Hoffmann
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Vagner
dc.contributor.authorAdelino, Talita Emile Ribeiro
dc.contributor.authorGuimarães, Natalia Rocha
dc.contributor.authorTomé, Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro
dc.contributor.authorGómez, Marcela Kelly Astete
dc.contributor.authorNardy, Vanessa Brandão
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Adriana Aparecida
dc.contributor.authorRosewell, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Álvaro Gil A.
dc.contributor.authorMello, Arabela Leal e Silva de
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Brenda Machado Moura
dc.contributor.authorAlbuquerque, Carlos Frederico Campelo de
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Dejanira dos Santos
dc.contributor.authorPimentel, Eline Carvalho
dc.contributor.authorLima, Fábio Guilherme Mesquita
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Fernanda Viana Moreira
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Glauco de Carvalho
dc.contributor.authorTegally, Houriiyah
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Júlia Deffune Profeta Cidin
dc.contributor.authorMoreno, Keldenn Melo Farias
dc.contributor.authorVasconcelos, Klaucia Rodrigues
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Leandro Cavalcante
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Lívia Cristina Machado
dc.contributor.authorFrutuoso, Livia C. V.
dc.contributor.authorLamounier, Ludmila Oliveira
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Mariana Araújo
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Marília Santini de
dc.contributor.authorAnjos, Marlei Pickler Dediasi dos
dc.contributor.authorCiccozzi, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorLima, Maurício Teixeira
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Maira Alves
dc.contributor.authorRocha, Marília Lima Cruz
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Paulo Eduardo de Souza da
dc.contributor.authorRabinowitz, Peter M.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Priscila Souza de
dc.contributor.authorLessells, Richard
dc.contributor.authorGazzinelli, Ricardo T.
dc.contributor.authorCunha, Rivaldo Venancio da
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Sara Cândida Ferreira dos
dc.contributor.authorBelettini, Senele Ana de Alcântara
dc.contributor.authorPedroso, Silvia Helena Sousa Pietra
dc.contributor.authorAraújo, Sofia Isabel Rótulo
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Stephanni Figueiredo da
dc.contributor.authorCroda, Julio
dc.contributor.authorMaciel, Ethel
dc.contributor.authorVoorhis, Wes Van
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darren P.
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Edward C.
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Tulio de
dc.contributor.authorLourenço, José
dc.contributor.authorAlcantara, Luiz Carlos Junior
dc.contributor.authorGiovanetti, Marta
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-23T14:32:12Z
dc.date.available2025-07-23T14:32:12Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-01
dc.description.abstractOropouche virus (OROV), first detected in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955, was historically confined to the Brazilian Amazon Basin. However, since late 2022, an increasing number of OROV cases have been reported across various regions of Brazil as well as in urban centers in Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Colombia, Cuba, Panama, and Peru. In collaboration with Central Public Health Laboratories across Brazil, we integrated epidemiological metadata with genomic analyses from recent cases, generating 133 whole-genome sequences covering the virus’s three genomic segments (L, M, and S). These include the first genomes from regions outside the Amazon and from the first recorded fatal cases. Phylogenetic analyses show that the 2024 OROV genomes form a monophyletic group with sequences from the Amazon Basin sampled since 2022, revealing a rapid north-to-south viral movement into historically non-endemic areas. We identified 21 reassortment events, though it remains unclear whether these genomic changes have facilitated viral adaptation to local ecological conditions or contributed to phenotypic traits of public health significance. Our findings demonstrate how OROV has evolved through reassortment and spread rapidly across multiple states in Brazil, leading to the largest outbreak ever recorded outside the Amazon and the first confirmed fatalities. Additionally, by analysing travel-related cases, we provide the first insights into the international spread of OROV beyond Brazil, further highlighting the role of human mobility in its dissemination. The virus’s recent rapid geographic expansion and the emergence of severe cases emphasize the urgent need for enhanced surveillance across the Americas. In the absence of significant human population changes over the past two years, factors such as viral adaptation, deforestation, and climate shifts—either individually or in combination— may have facilitated the spread of OROV beyond the Amazon Basin through both local and travel-associated transmission.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/jtm/taaf018
dc.identifier.eid105001729253
dc.identifier.issn1195-1982
dc.identifier.pmcPMC11955161
dc.identifier.pmid40037296
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/54024
dc.identifier.wos001445125400001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAmazon basin
dc.subjectBrazil
dc.subjectOrov
dc.subjectGenomic surveillance
dc.titleTravel-associated international spread of Oropouche virus beyond the Amazoneng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Travel Medicine
oaire.citation.volume32
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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