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A compact flow-based system for the determination of copper(II) and zinc(II) in water using solid-phase extraction coupled with pH modulation
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Metals such as copper(II) and zinc(II) can be found in natural and drinking water sources. However, at high concentrations, they pose significant risks to human health. In this context, the main goal of this work was to develop a sequential injection system for the determination of copper(II) and zinc(II) in freshwater. The selectivity of the quantification was controlled by adjusting the colorimetric reaction pH and by implementing an in-line solid-phase extraction strategy. Copper(II) was determined at pH 5, whereas zinc(II) was determined at pH 9 after retention of copper(II) on the resin column. The developed method enabled the quantification of copper(II) and zinc(II) in the concentration ranges of 11.3–500 μg/L and 19.9–500 μg/L, with detection limits of 4.10 and 6.61 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation for the copper(II) and zinc(II) quantification was 2.0% and 4.7%, respectively. The method was validated through the analysis of natural water samples, since the results obtained with the developed method were not significantly different from those obtained with the reference procedure (ICP-OES). Additionally, recovery studies were performed, yielding 97 ± 3% and 98 ± 7% for copper(II) and zinc(II), respectively. The greenness of the developed method and the reference procedure was assessed using the AGREE tool. The reference method achieved a score of 0.59, whereas the developed method obtained a higher score of 0.71. The improvement in the score was associated with the more miniaturised, energy-efficient, and potentially on-site analysis nature, which makes it a promising tool for routine environmental monitoring.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sequential injection analysis SPE Spectrophotometry Zincon
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Elsevier B.V.