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Upcycling peanut skin through the valorisation of its biological properties
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
The industrial processing of peanuts generates large amounts of underutilized by-products, mainly skins and shells. Peanut skins, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, are promising for skin-related applications. This study investigates how different extraction technologies—ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), hydroethanolic, alkaline, and aqueous extraction—affect extract composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities, and their impact on skin cell metabolism and antioxidant activity. UAE yielded the highest phenolic content (480.93–512.93 mg GAE/g DE), followed by hydroethanolic and alkaline methods. A similar trend was observed in the ORAC assay (2770.17–2925.00 µmol TE/g DE). LC-ESI-QqTOF-HRMS tentatively identified type-A and type-B procyanidins as major compounds. Alkaline extracts exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 5 mg/mL) and S. epidermidis (2.5 mg/mL), while hydroethanolic and UAE extracts were active at 20 mg/mL; aqueous extracts were inactive. No significant antifungal effects were observed against filamentous fungi, but alkaline and UAE extracts inhibited Malassezia furfur, a skin-associated yeast linked to common dermatological conditions (MICs <1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL). In HaCaT cells, hydroethanolic extracts showed the lowest cytotoxicity (500 µg/mL), while UAE displayed the highest (62.5 µg/mL). All extracts reduced iROS formation. These results highlight peanut skin’s potential in skin-related products and textiles, warranting further process optimization for scale-up.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peanut skin Antioxidant activity Antimicrobial activity Phenolic compounds Procyanidins Skin-related applications
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Elsevier Ltd.