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Upcycled orange peel ingredients for gastrointestinal and cardiometabolic health: a scoping review and market perspectives

dc.contributor.authorVilas-Boas, Ana A.
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Marta
dc.contributor.authorCampos, Débora A.
dc.contributor.authorPintado, Manuela
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-23T15:49:34Z
dc.date.available2026-04-23T15:49:34Z
dc.date.issued2026-03-31
dc.description.abstractBackground: Orange peels (OP) are rich in flavonoids, pectin, essential oils, and carotenoids that can be upcycled into functional ingredients. These bioactive compounds (BCs) have been increasingly associated with beneficial effects on gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiometabolic health. This scoping review aimed to systematically map available evidence and synthesize reported GI and cardiometabolic health outcomes of upcycled OP ingredients. Methods: Conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the literature search was performed in the Scopus database and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published between 2014–2025 using a predefined Boolean search query. After screening, 84 studies and 14 completed clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Results: The mapped evidence spans mechanistic (in vitro), preclinical, and clinical studies. Preclinical studies report that flavonoids, pectin, and essential oils modulate gut microbiota composition, enhance intestinal barrier integrity, and improve glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory parameters through mechanisms involving short-chain fatty acid production, antioxidant activity, and modulation of key inflammatory pathways. Clinical studies, predominantly investigating hesperidin-rich and fiber-rich extracts, report improvements in postprandial glycemic response, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and selected microbiota-related markers. Conclusions: Upcycled OP ingredients show promising biological activities relevant to cardiometabolic health and gut modulation, particularly in mechanistic and preclinical models. However, the evidence base remains largely dominated by in vitro and animal studies, with limited and heterogeneous clinical data. Key gaps include the underrepresentation of pectin and carotenoids in human trials and the absence of standardized, long-term intervention studies. Future research should prioritize well-designed clinical trials and investigate potential synergistic interactions among OP-derived bioactive fractions to support their translational application.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu18071126
dc.identifier.eid105035526786
dc.identifier.otherf35e21d8-6c15-4bac-aa65-1ea1aad74de5
dc.identifier.pmcPMC13075124
dc.identifier.pmid41978175
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/57575
dc.identifier.wos001738821300001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGut microbiotaeng
dc.subjectHesperidineng
dc.subjectMetabolic disorderseng
dc.subjectNutraceuticaleng
dc.subjectPectineng
dc.titleUpcycled orange peel ingredients for gastrointestinal and cardiometabolic health: a scoping review and market perspectives
dc.typereview article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.volume18
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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