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Formulation and characterization of non-toxic, antimicrobial, and alcohol-free hand sanitizer nanoemulgel based on lemon peel extract

2024-04-12Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorIbrahim, Faten Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorShalaby, Eman Samy
dc.contributor.authorEl-Liethy, Mohamed Azab
dc.contributor.authorAbd-Elmaksoud, Sherif
dc.contributor.authorMohammed, Reda Sayed
dc.contributor.authorShalaby, Said I.
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Cristina V.
dc.contributor.authorPintado, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorHabbasha, El Sayed El
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-09T09:12:24Z
dc.date.available2024-05-09T09:12:24Z
dc.date.issued2024-04-12
dc.description.abstractRecently, hand sanitization has gained attention for preventing disease transmission. Many on-the-market convenient dermal sanitizers contain alcohol, which can be detrimental to the skin. Therefore, three nanoemulgel formulations (LN-F1, LN-F2, LN-F3) incorporating lemon peel extract (LE), and with various increasing concentrations of xanthan gum as a gelling agent and stabilizer, were developed and characterized as a novel alternative. All formulations showed non-Newtonian shear-thinning flow behavior, particle size values below 200 nm, and increasing zeta potential with higher xanthan gum concentrations. All nanoemulgel formulations exhibited greater in vitro phenolic compound release than free LE. LN-F2 (1.0% LE, 20.0% mineral oil, 20.0% Span 80, 4.0% Cremophor RH 40, 4.0% PEG 400, 0.5% xanthan gum, 50.5% dH2O) was selected as the optimal formulation due to improved characteristics. LE and LN-F2 potential cytotoxicity was assessed on MA-104, showing no significant cellular morphological alterations up to 10 mg/mL for both samples. LN-F2 showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and C. albicans, as well as antiviral activity against phiX 174, but no effect against rotavirus (SA-11). In vivo, LN-F2 presented a removal capacity of 83% to 100% for bacteria and 89% to 100% for fungi. These findings suggest that the formulated nanoemulgel holds potential as a safe and effective antiseptic, providing a viable alternative to commercial alcohol-based formulations.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/cosmetics11020059pt_PT
dc.identifier.eid85191417157
dc.identifier.issn2079-9284
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/45003
dc.identifier.wos001210079600001
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectBioactive compoundspt_PT
dc.subjectDermal sanitizerpt_PT
dc.subjectLemon peelspt_PT
dc.subjectPlant-based antimicrobial agentspt_PT
dc.subjectSustainable nanoemulgel formulationspt_PT
dc.titleFormulation and characterization of non-toxic, antimicrobial, and alcohol-free hand sanitizer nanoemulgel based on lemon peel extractpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleCosmeticspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume11pt_PT
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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