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Cork–polypropylene composites for food contact: a comprehensive study of morphology, migration, chemical safety, and sensory analysis

2026-07-14Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorVieira, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorMarques, Cláudia
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Srishti
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Susana Maria
dc.contributor.authorGuerreiro, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Joel
dc.contributor.authorSelbourne, Maria
dc.contributor.authorMoutinho, Lisete
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Clara
dc.contributor.authorPoças, Fátima
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-15T15:50:47Z
dc.date.available2026-07-15T15:50:47Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-14
dc.description.abstractThe development of sustainable food contact materials (FCMs) requires not only reduced environmental impact but also demonstrated safety. Cork–polypropylene composites (CPCs), incorporating unmatured cork and waste generated in cork stopper production, represent a promising alternative; however, their safety remains insufficiently addressed. This study provides a comprehensive safety assessment of CPCs containing 15% cork granulates derived from matured and unmatured cork. A multi-analytical approach combining morphological, thermal, and chemical characterisation (SEM, FTIR-ATR, GC-FID, GC-MS, LC-MS, ICP-OES) was integrated with migration testing under repeat-use conditions and sensory evaluation. Genotoxicity was assessed using the Ames bacterial reverse mutation test on migration extracts. Migration results showed low release of both polypropylene-related additives and cork-derived compounds, with furanic substances identified as process-related migrants but decreasing across repeated use cycles and remaining at low levels. No migration of high molecular weight cork constituents (triterpenoids, sterols) was observed in aqueous simulants. All quantified substances complied with regulatory limits. Ames test results demonstrated no mutagenic activity for any migration extract, confirming the absence of DNA-reactive hazards. Overall, CPCs exhibited stable structure, low sensory impact, and favourable chemical and toxicological profiles. This study provides new evidence supporting the safe use of cork-based composites in food-contact applications and advances the integration of bio-based materials within a circular economy framework.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/19440049.2026.2694084
dc.identifier.otherc359f0e6-61e8-4f9e-9c16-47243f9387f7
dc.identifier.pmid42446401
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/58728
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherTaylor and Francis Ltd.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectUnmatured corkeng
dc.subjectwaste fromcork stopperseng
dc.subjectmetals in bio-based FCMeng
dc.subjectNIASeng
dc.subjectAmes testeng
dc.titleCork–polypropylene composites for food contact: a comprehensive study of morphology, migration, chemical safety, and sensory analysis
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage27
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa

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