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A compact flow-based system for the determination of copper and zinc in water
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Resumo(s)
Metals such as copper and zinc are commonly found in natural and drinking water sources. However, at high concentrations, they are considered toxic and pose significant risks to human health, highlighting the importance of routine water monitoring. In this context, the main goal of this work was to develop a sequential injection system with in-line solid phase extraction for the bi-parametric determination of copper(II) and zinc(II) in water samples. The selectivity of the quantification was controlled by adjusting the pH conditions of the coulourimetric reaction and by implementing an in-line solid-phase extraction strategy. Copper(II) was determined at pH 5, whereas zinc(II) was determined at pH 9 after retention of copper(II) on the resin column. The developed method enabled the quantification of copper(II) and zinc(II) in the concentration ranges of 11.3–500 μg/L and 19.9–500 μg/L, with detection limits of 4.10 and 6.61 μg/L, respectively. The method was validated through the analysis of nine natural water samples, and the results were compared with those obtained with the reference procedure (ICP-OES). Additionally, recovery studies were performed, yielding 97 ± 3% and 98 ± 7% for copper and zinc, respectively. The greenness of the developed method and the reference procedure was assessed using the AGREE tool. The reference method (ICP-OES) achieved a score of 0.59, whereas the developed method obtained a higher score of 0.71. The improvement in the score was associated with the more miniaturised, energy-efficient, direct, and potentially on-site analysis nature, which makes it a promising tool for routine environmental monitoring.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Spectrophotometry Sequential injection analysis Solid phase extraction Zincon
Contexto Educativo
Citação
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SSRN
Licença CC
Sem licença CC