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- Ethnographies of immigration detentionPublication . Ugelvik, Thomas; Bosworth, Mary; Turnbull, Sarah; Matos, RaquelThere has traditionally been a special relationship between the state, its citizens and the territory it controls, often thought of as a form of contract binding the three together. Huge shifts have occurred in recent years, however. Increased international mobility means non-citizens are showing up, legitimately or illegitimately, in unprecedented numbers. Consequently, "the immigrant" has become a new political and administrative object for (Western) states. The states, in turn, are developing new systems for the greeting, evaluation, classification and ultimately either integration or deportation of the outsiders at the border. Criminological scholarship has in recent years brought renewed attention to the transformative impact of migration on issues of crime and justice. Generally speaking, the focus has been on the impact of migration on crime practices and crime rates. Researchers have particularly focused on immigrant gangs, various forms of migration-related crime and the deepening of urban marginality. While acknowledging the importance of these contributions, we want to argue that there is also a need to describe systematically the specific impact that migratory flows have had on the everyday life of people on "both sides" in the migration control system. Migration control is, as migration itself, an intrinsically transnational phenomenon and thus challenges traditionally national footing of state policies and state laws. It involves measures within and beyond national and European territories. These practices create novel spaces and notions of territoriality: 'in between spaces', borderlands or what Saskia Sassen has called 'third spaces'. Our objective is to examine the spaces where national systems of justice meet their limits. We want to study these institutions ethnographically, "from the ground up", partly to compare different institutions in different jurisdictions and partly to explore whether it makes sense to see these institutions as part of the same development on the European level.
- Trajectories and identities of foreign national women: Rethinking prison through the lens of gender and citizenshipPublication . Matos, RaquelIn Portugal, the proportion of foreign nationals among women inmates rose significantly in the first decade of the 21st Century. This increase draws attention to the need for understanding foreign women’s pathways and their identity (re)construction while in custody. Those were the aims of the research project presented in this article, which comprised in-depth interviews with 41 foreign national women in prison. Results show several migratory paths before custody, where gender plays a crucial role. In the experience of imprisonment, citizenship seems to be essential as it can be an obstacle for accessing the outside or the explanation for an expulsion sentence. At the same time, nationality and ethnicity play an important role as organizers of social relations in prison. In light of these results, it is suggested that prison should be rethought from a lens of gender and citizenship.