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- Prevalence and correlates of picky eating in preschool-aged children: a population-based studyPublication . Machado, Bárbara César; Dias, Pedro; Lima, Vânia Sousa; Campos, Joana; Gonçalves, SóniaObjective: The present study, conducted with a population-based preschool children sample, aimed to examine the prevalence rates of picky eating according to the presence of the avoidance or restriction of food intake, searching for picky-eating correlates. Methods: 959 children from 1.5 to 6 years old were evaluated by their parents and caregivers/teachers. Picky eating was assessed by CBCL 1.5–5 and C-TRF, following Cano et al.'s (2015) procedure. Results: The prevalence of picky eating was 25.1%. The comparison of the picky-eating group and the non-pickyeating group indicated that picky eatingwas more common in older children and in children from lower-income families with younger parents. Significant associations were found between picky eating, pregnancy and birth delivery complications. Emotional and behavioral problems were also found to differentiate picky eaters and non-picky eaters using DSM-5-oriented subscales. The results of a binary logistic regression analysis revealed that children with somatic complaints and attention problems were more likely to be picky eaters. Discussion: Picky eating in preschool children should be considered together with sociodemographic features, pregnancy and delivery issues, and the presence of emotional and behavioral problems. Our results support the possibility that picky eating, as a specific eating pattern, could also be part of a broader pattern of behavioral problems in children.
- Frequency and correlates of picky eating and overeating in school-aged children: a Portuguese population-based studyPublication . Machado, Bárbara Cesar; Dias, Pedro; Lima, Vânia Sousa; Carneiro, Alexandra; Gonçalves, SóniaUsing the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) battery in a non-clinical Portuguese population-based study, we aimed to examine a broad spectrum of emotional and behavioral problems and competencies, including picky eating and overeating behaviors in children and youth. Overall, 2687 children from 6 to 18 years old were evaluated by their parents, teachers and, in the case of children older than 11 years old, by themselves. Picky eating and overeating were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR). The frequency of picky eating and overeating was 23.1% and 24%, respectively. Picky eaters, compared with over eaters and non-picky/non-over eaters, tended to belong to the younger group of participants, and in turn, over eaters tended to belong to the older group. Overeating was significantly associated with overweight, which also emerged as a predictor of belonging to the overeating group. Both picky eaters and over eaters scored significantly higher on all emotional and behavioral problems and DSM-5-oriented subscales. The results of two independent binary logistic regression analyses indicated that internalizing and externalizing problems, together with the total problems score emerged as a predictor for both groups, including picky eater and overeater school-aged children. In accordance with previous studies, our results also supported the possibility that a broader pattern of potentially non-adaptive emotional and behavioral problems could also be associated with both pickiness and excessive eating.