Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-08-01"
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Leader expressed humility: a meta-analysis and an agenda for future researchPublication . Silard, Anthony; Miao, Chao; Rego, Arménio; Akkan, Eren; Yoon, David; Qian, ShanshanThis study meta-analyzes the empirical evidence on the topic of leader humility. Our findings suggest that leader humility makes unique contributions to explaining key followers’ outcomes beyond those provided by transformational leadership. We also find significant overlap between leader humility and authentic leadership, yet leader humility has incremental validity in predicting several outcomes. We analyze two theoretically driven moderators: individualism vs. collectivism, and high- vs. low- religiosity, and find that both emerge as moderating the relationships between leader humility and several outcomes. These findings suggest that when constructs such as leader-expressed humility, dispositional humility, honesty-humility, and humility as a component of servant leadership are conflated under the expression “leader humility”, the granularities inherent to each one of these constructs are hidden, with negative consequences for the validity of the empirical landscape. We conclude with theoretical implications of our meta-analysis for the leader humility literature and make suggestions for future research.
- Self‐management in children and adolescents with chronic illness: an evolutionary analysis of the conceptPublication . Catarino, Marta; Macedo, Lúcia; Santos, Joana; Charepe, Zaida; Festas, ConstançaAim: To increase conceptual clarity regarding the self-management of school-age children and adolescents with chronic illnesses in a community context. Design: Concept Analysis: Rodgers' evolutionary approach. Data Sources: Search conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Nursing and Allied Health Collection, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scopus, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis. Thirty-one articles were identified, published between 2004 and 2023. Reporting Method: Followed the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research guidelines—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. Results: Self-management in children and adolescents with chronic illness, in school age, in a community context, consists of a process of acquiring knowledge and beliefs that promote the self-efficacy of this population in developing skills to face needs inherent to the health condition. Conclusion: Promoting self-management goes beyond simply educating for skill acquisition. Participants with stronger beliefs in their ability to control their behaviours are more successful in self-management. The activation of resources that position the child as an agent of change is recommended. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: It contributes to the development of strategies that promote self-management across different healthcare disciplines, focusing on education and change, but also on psychological encouragement to foster confidence in change. Impact: Competent self-management during childhood promotes autonomy, empowerment, and control of the condition, with consequent physical and emotional well-being, quality of life, family stability, and social development. No Patient or Public Contribution:There was no direct contribution from patients or the public in this work (literature review).
- Futile therapeutic nursing interventions in adult intensive care: a descriptive studyPublication . Vieira, João Vitor; Oliveira, Henrique; Deodato, Sérgio; Mendes, FelisminaBackground: Despite the progress made in recent decades on the phenomenon of futility in adult intensive care, recognizing it during clinical care practice remains a complex and sensitive process, during which questions are often raised for which concrete answers are difficult to find. Aims: To analyze the frequency with which futile nursing interventions are implemented in critically ill patients admitted to adult intensive care in specific situations and how often futile autonomous and interdependent nursing interventions are implemented in the same population, as perceived by adult intensive care nurses. Research design: Cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study, which employed a questionnaire constructed specifically for this research to assess the perception of therapeutic futility in nursing in adult intensive care. Following an evaluation of the psychometric properties, the questionnaire was made available in an electronic format on the EUSurvey platform between August and October 2024. The data was analyzed between November 2023 and March 2024 using the statistical software packages SPSS and R. Participants and research context: A simple random sample of nurses working in level II and level III intensive care units in Portugal. Ethical considerations: Research ethical approvals were obtained, and the participants provided informed consent. Findings/results: Four hundred and fourteen valid questionnaires were obtained. The results allow the identification of thirty-three statistically significant associations, the inference of intervals for the mean and median for the perception of futility of nursing interventions with a 95% confidence interval, and enable the hierarchization of nursing interventions implemented in critically ill patients admitted to adult intensive care units according to the nurses’ perception of their futility. Conclusion: There is a balance in nurses' perception of the futility of their interventions in the specific situations analyzed. There is statistically significant evidence that interdependent nursing interventions are, in general, more frequently perceived as futile when compared to autonomous nursing interventions.
- Almost different, but not quite: neoliberal discourses on the MahābhārataPublication . Oliveira, João PedroThis paper analyses a corpus of contemporary English-language adaptations of the Mahābhārata sold via Amazon India and takes a qualitative discourse analysis approach to describe and sort out the linguistic, narrative and discursive techniques that most writers use in their biographical notes and novels’ summaries to make their works commercially appealing. I conclude that most authors claim to come from a technological background and adhere to a neoliberal and exclusivist nationalistic ideology. They claim to be doing something entirely innovative and, by falsifying past interpretations of the epic influenced by (post-)Orientalist scholarly and Westernised left-wing Indian discourses, to unveil the “lost secrets” which were already present in the canonical Sanskrit version of the epic. By working as a historical account of the past and as a mythic blueprint for contemporary individual, social and national lives, the Mahābhārata is represented as a connecting point between the precolonial Indian Golden Age and postcolonial neoliberal India, which is depicted as reviving that Golden Age.
- The impact of metal ions on the photo-antibacterial efficiency of metalloporphyrins with triphenylphosphonium unitsPublication . Chaves, Inês; Morais, Filipe F. M.; Vieira, Cátia; Bartolomeu, Maria; Gomes, Ana T. P. C.; Faustino, M. Amparo F.; Neves, M. Graça P. M. S.; Almeida, Adelaide; Moura, Nuno M. M.The influence of metal ions on the photochemical, photophysical, and antibacterial properties of three cationic porphyrin-triphenylphosphonium conjugates was investigated for the first time. Coordination with Zn(II), Pd(II) and Co(II) enabled fine-tuning of these conjugates properties, with Zn(II) complexes demonstrating particular promise. While Pd(II) and Co(II) complexes failed to generate singlet oxygen (1O2), thereby reducing their efficacy in bacteria photoinactivation, Zn(II) complexes exhibited efficient 1O2 generation and strong bacterial adhesion. Among these, the Zn(II) metalloporphyrin 2-Zn, featuring a well-optimized structure with three triphenylphosphonium units and six positive charges, showed exceptional effectiveness against Gram-negative Escherichia coli at lower concentrations. It significantly outperformed its free-base counterpart, reducing the required irradiation time by more than 65 %. Furthermore, 2-Zn demonstrates to be safe, exhibiting no cytotoxicity towards Vero cells. These findings highlight the potential of Zn(II) porphyrin-triphenylphosphonium complexes as efficient photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), offering a promising approach to address the growing challenge of antibiotic bacterial resistance in both clinical and environmental contexts.
- Focused digital cohort selection from social media using the metric backbone of biomedical knowledge graphsPublication . Guo, Ziqi; Felag, Jack; Rozum, Jordan C.; Correia, Rion Brattig; Wang, Xuan; Rocha, Luis M.Social media data allows researchers to construct large digital cohorts — groups of users who post health-related content — to study the interplay between human behavior and medical treatment. Identifying the users most relevant to a specific health problem is, however, a challenge in that social media sites vary in the generality of their discourse. While X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and Facebook cater to wide ranging topics, Reddit subgroups and dedicated patient advocacy forums trade in much more specific, biomedically-relevant discourse. To filter relevant users on any social media, we have developed a general method and tested it on epilepsy discourse. We analyzed the text from posts by users who mention epilepsy drugs at least once in the general-purpose social media sites X and Instagram, the epilepsy-focused Reddit subgroup (r/Epilepsy), and the Epilepsy Foundation of America (EFA) forums. We used a curated medical terminology dictionary to generate a knowledge graph (KG) from each social media site, whereby nodes represent terms, and edge weights denote the strength of association between pairs of terms in the collected text. Our method is based on computing the metric backbone of each KG, which yields the (sparsified) subgraph of edges that participate in shortest paths. By comparing the subset of users who contribute to the backbone to the subset who do not, we show that epilepsy-focused social media users contribute to the KG backbone in much higher proportion than do general-purpose social media users. Furthermore, using human annotation of Instagram posts, we demonstrate that users who do not contribute to the backbone are much more likely to use dictionary terms in a manner inconsistent with their biomedical meaning and are rightly excluded from the cohort of interest. Our metric backbone approach, thus, has several benefits: it yields focused user cohorts who engage in discourse relevant to a targeted biomedical problem; unlike engagement-based approaches, it can retain low-engagement users who nonetheless contribute meaningful biomedical insights and filter out very vocal users who contribute no relevant content, it is parameter-free, algebraically principled, does not require classifiers or human-curation, and is simple to compute with the open-source code we provide.
- Reporting on science in the Southern African context: exploring influences on journalistic practicePublication . Matsilele, Trust; Msimanga, Mbongeni Jonny; Tshuma, Lungile; Jamil, SadiaThis exploratory study investigates the journalistic influences on science reporting in Southern Africa, filling the gap that is under explored. South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe are the selected cases. Methodologically, this qualitative study relied on in-depth face-to-face interviews and purposive sampling as designs. The study employed Reese’s and Shoemaker’s hierarchy of influences model as the preferred theoretical framework because it articulates diverse factors affecting news content, categorized from a micro-individual to the macro-social system level. This study found that lack of resources, limited knowledge of science by journalists, and preference for political and economic news have largely affected the quality and frequency of science reporting in Southern Africa.
- Incoherence in the brain death guideline regarding brain blood flow testing: lessons from the much-publicized case of Zack DunlapPublication . Nguyen, Doyen; Zainer, Christine M.At age 21, following a severe traumatic brain injury, Zack Dunlap was declared brain-dead according to the American Academy of Neurology guideline (Guideline) when he met the clinical criteria of brain death (minus apnea testing because of bradycardia) with technetium-99m diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate scintigraphy reported as showing no intracranial blood flow. His parents agreed to organ donation. During preparations for organ donation, Zack manifested a purposeful movement in response to a noxious stimulus made by his cousin. Following subsequent neurological recovery, he has returned to a normal life, holding steady employment and raising a family. During an interview, he reported that while in coma, he heard a doctor say that he was brain-dead and felt angry about it. His experience fits the phenomenon of cognitive-motor dissociation. Recently, Zack's medical records were made available to the first author. A critical review of the records uncovered a problem inherent in the logic of the Guideline algorithm regarding brain blood flow scintigraphy. This article discusses the lessons drawn from Zack's case, namely, that both the aforementioned problem and the occurrence of cognitive-motor dissociation in patients deemed to be brain-dead can pose a significant risk of a false-positive declaration of death.
- Engaging and legitimizing communities: co-designing a community-based Marine Protected AreaPublication . Rangel, Mafalda; Costa, Barbara Horta e; Guimarães, Mª Helena; Ressurreição, Adriana; Monteiro, Pedro; Oliveira, Frederico; Bentes, Luís; Henriques, Nuno Sales; Sousa, Inês; Alexandre, Sofia; Pontes, João; Afonso, Carlos M. L.; Belackova, Adela; Marçalo, Ana; Cardoso-Andrade, Mariana; Cortês, António; Correia, António José; Lobo, Vanda; Gonçalves, Emanuel J.; Cunha, Tiago Pitta e; Gonçalves, Jorge M. S.Marine Protected Areas are increasingly used as tools to preserve marine habitats and biodiversity worldwide. Nonetheless, creating MPAs in densely populated multi-use coastal areas comes with intrinsic conflict potential, since protection and economic development are not always hand-in-hand and local users might disagree with the designation of such conservation tools. The use of inclusive and transparent participatory processes to co-design such MPAs can be seen as a way of protecting biodiversity while acknowledging the needs of local users and building conservation tools that fit both purposes. Here we describe a participatory process developed to co-design a Marine Protected Area of Community Interest in a biodiversity, fishing and tourism hotspot in the Algarve (southern Portugal) where the majority of involved stakeholders (96 %) endorsed the final MPA proposal. The methodology and tools used are described in detail, lessons learned are critically analysed and a roadmap to be used in other realities is provided. Evidences collected show that the approach developed allows conservation and economic activities to share the same ground and advocate for the same goals in preserving coastal marine habitats.