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- Leader expressed humility: a meta-analysis and an agenda for future researchPublication . Silard, Anthony; Miao, Chao; Rego, Arménio; Akkan, Eren; Yoon, David; Qian, ShanshanThis study meta-analyzes the empirical evidence on the topic of leader humility. Our findings suggest that leader humility makes unique contributions to explaining key followers’ outcomes beyond those provided by transformational leadership. We also find significant overlap between leader humility and authentic leadership, yet leader humility has incremental validity in predicting several outcomes. We analyze two theoretically driven moderators: individualism vs. collectivism, and high- vs. low- religiosity, and find that both emerge as moderating the relationships between leader humility and several outcomes. These findings suggest that when constructs such as leader-expressed humility, dispositional humility, honesty-humility, and humility as a component of servant leadership are conflated under the expression “leader humility”, the granularities inherent to each one of these constructs are hidden, with negative consequences for the validity of the empirical landscape. We conclude with theoretical implications of our meta-analysis for the leader humility literature and make suggestions for future research.
- Self‐management in children and adolescents with chronic illness: an evolutionary analysis of the conceptPublication . Catarino, Marta; Macedo, Lúcia; Santos, Joana; Charepe, Zaida; Festas, ConstançaAim: To increase conceptual clarity regarding the self-management of school-age children and adolescents with chronic illnesses in a community context. Design: Concept Analysis: Rodgers' evolutionary approach. Data Sources: Search conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Nursing and Allied Health Collection, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scopus, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis. Thirty-one articles were identified, published between 2004 and 2023. Reporting Method: Followed the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research guidelines—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. Results: Self-management in children and adolescents with chronic illness, in school age, in a community context, consists of a process of acquiring knowledge and beliefs that promote the self-efficacy of this population in developing skills to face needs inherent to the health condition. Conclusion: Promoting self-management goes beyond simply educating for skill acquisition. Participants with stronger beliefs in their ability to control their behaviours are more successful in self-management. The activation of resources that position the child as an agent of change is recommended. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: It contributes to the development of strategies that promote self-management across different healthcare disciplines, focusing on education and change, but also on psychological encouragement to foster confidence in change. Impact: Competent self-management during childhood promotes autonomy, empowerment, and control of the condition, with consequent physical and emotional well-being, quality of life, family stability, and social development. No Patient or Public Contribution:There was no direct contribution from patients or the public in this work (literature review).
- Almost different, but not quite: neoliberal discourses on the MahābhārataPublication . Oliveira, João PedroThis paper analyses a corpus of contemporary English-language adaptations of the Mahābhārata sold via Amazon India and takes a qualitative discourse analysis approach to describe and sort out the linguistic, narrative and discursive techniques that most writers use in their biographical notes and novels’ summaries to make their works commercially appealing. I conclude that most authors claim to come from a technological background and adhere to a neoliberal and exclusivist nationalistic ideology. They claim to be doing something entirely innovative and, by falsifying past interpretations of the epic influenced by (post-)Orientalist scholarly and Westernised left-wing Indian discourses, to unveil the “lost secrets” which were already present in the canonical Sanskrit version of the epic. By working as a historical account of the past and as a mythic blueprint for contemporary individual, social and national lives, the Mahābhārata is represented as a connecting point between the precolonial Indian Golden Age and postcolonial neoliberal India, which is depicted as reviving that Golden Age.
- The impact of metal ions on the photo-antibacterial efficiency of metalloporphyrins with triphenylphosphonium unitsPublication . Chaves, Inês; Morais, Filipe F. M.; Vieira, Cátia; Bartolomeu, Maria; Gomes, Ana T. P. C.; Faustino, M. Amparo F.; Neves, M. Graça P. M. S.; Almeida, Adelaide; Moura, Nuno M. M.The influence of metal ions on the photochemical, photophysical, and antibacterial properties of three cationic porphyrin-triphenylphosphonium conjugates was investigated for the first time. Coordination with Zn(II), Pd(II) and Co(II) enabled fine-tuning of these conjugates properties, with Zn(II) complexes demonstrating particular promise. While Pd(II) and Co(II) complexes failed to generate singlet oxygen (1O2), thereby reducing their efficacy in bacteria photoinactivation, Zn(II) complexes exhibited efficient 1O2 generation and strong bacterial adhesion. Among these, the Zn(II) metalloporphyrin 2-Zn, featuring a well-optimized structure with three triphenylphosphonium units and six positive charges, showed exceptional effectiveness against Gram-negative Escherichia coli at lower concentrations. It significantly outperformed its free-base counterpart, reducing the required irradiation time by more than 65 %. Furthermore, 2-Zn demonstrates to be safe, exhibiting no cytotoxicity towards Vero cells. These findings highlight the potential of Zn(II) porphyrin-triphenylphosphonium complexes as efficient photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), offering a promising approach to address the growing challenge of antibiotic bacterial resistance in both clinical and environmental contexts.
- Focused digital cohort selection from social media using the metric backbone of biomedical knowledge graphsPublication . Guo, Ziqi; Felag, Jack; Rozum, Jordan C.; Correia, Rion Brattig; Wang, Xuan; Rocha, Luis M.Social media data allows researchers to construct large digital cohorts — groups of users who post health-related content — to study the interplay between human behavior and medical treatment. Identifying the users most relevant to a specific health problem is, however, a challenge in that social media sites vary in the generality of their discourse. While X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and Facebook cater to wide ranging topics, Reddit subgroups and dedicated patient advocacy forums trade in much more specific, biomedically-relevant discourse. To filter relevant users on any social media, we have developed a general method and tested it on epilepsy discourse. We analyzed the text from posts by users who mention epilepsy drugs at least once in the general-purpose social media sites X and Instagram, the epilepsy-focused Reddit subgroup (r/Epilepsy), and the Epilepsy Foundation of America (EFA) forums. We used a curated medical terminology dictionary to generate a knowledge graph (KG) from each social media site, whereby nodes represent terms, and edge weights denote the strength of association between pairs of terms in the collected text. Our method is based on computing the metric backbone of each KG, which yields the (sparsified) subgraph of edges that participate in shortest paths. By comparing the subset of users who contribute to the backbone to the subset who do not, we show that epilepsy-focused social media users contribute to the KG backbone in much higher proportion than do general-purpose social media users. Furthermore, using human annotation of Instagram posts, we demonstrate that users who do not contribute to the backbone are much more likely to use dictionary terms in a manner inconsistent with their biomedical meaning and are rightly excluded from the cohort of interest. Our metric backbone approach, thus, has several benefits: it yields focused user cohorts who engage in discourse relevant to a targeted biomedical problem; unlike engagement-based approaches, it can retain low-engagement users who nonetheless contribute meaningful biomedical insights and filter out very vocal users who contribute no relevant content, it is parameter-free, algebraically principled, does not require classifiers or human-curation, and is simple to compute with the open-source code we provide.
- Collecting behavioural data across countries during pandemics: development of the COVID-19 risk assessment toolPublication . Peters, Gjalt Jorn; Kwasnicka, Dominika; Hoor, Gill A. ten; Crutzen, Rik; Varol, Tugce; Warner, Lisa Marie; Algargoosh, Mahdi; Ali, Eskinder Eshetu; Anwar, Mudassir; Asih, Sali Rahadi; Baltas, Zuhal Feryal; Berry, Emma; Beyene, Kebede; Campbell, Katarzyna Anna; Carneiro, Bruno Moreira; Castillo-Eito, Laura; Chan, Amy Hai Yan; Chan, Samuel Suk Hung; Cipolletta, Sabrina; DeSmet, Ann; Dewi, Triana Kesuma; Dima, Alexandra Lelia; Encantado, Jorge; Epton, Tracy; Figueiredo, João; Fracaroli, Gustavo Dal Cin; Gauchet, Aurelie; Gebretekle, Gebremedhin Beedemariam; Gérain, Pierre; Godinho, Cristina Albuquerque; Graham-Wisener, Lisa; Green, James A.; Groarke, Jenny M.; Gültzow, Thomas; Guven, Elif Basak; Hermans, Roel C. J.; Hermsen, Sander; Inauen, Jennifer; Kassianos, Angelos P.; Kazantseva, Tatiana Valerievna; Keyaerts, Els; König, Laura Maria; Lange, Daniela; Lauwerier, Emelien; Lie, Yongchan; Liem, Andrian; Luszczynska, Aleksandra; Marques, Marta M.; Moore, Hannah Catherine; Noone, Chris; Nurmi, Johanna; Nurwanti, Ratri; Ok, Yasemin Selekoğlu; Ozbay, Elif Suna; Palacz-Poborczyk, Iga; Pedruzzi, Rebecca Anne; Poppe, Louise; Porter, Lucy Mabel; Powell, Daniel; Rinaldi, Bruna Salati Nan; Ruffault, Alexis; Schmitz, Carsten; Scholz, Urte; Schweitzer, Ana Maria; Shree, Medha; Silva, Carolina C.; Sokang, Yasinta Astin; Tam, Albert W.; Tang, Mei Yee; Tomaino, Silvia Caterina Maria; Beurden, Samantha Barbara van; Verweij, Stefan; Vluggen, Stan; Watkins, Rochelle E.; Zörgő, Szilvia; Roozen, SylviaTools that can be used to collect behavioural data during pandemics are needed to inform policy and practice. The objective of this project was to develop the Your COVID-19 Risk tool in response to the global spread of COVID-19, aiming to promote health behaviour change. We developed an online resource based on key behavioural evidence-based risk factors related to contracting and spreading COVID-19. This tool allows for assessing risk and provides instant support to protect individuals from infection. The Risk Estimation Questions assessed users’ location, age, gender, work environment, day-to-day behaviours currently performed, and conditions under which these behaviours would change. Users were also asked to estimate how often they keep their distance from others in public and regularly wash their hands, and the procedures they follow to do so. A multidisciplinary research team of more than 150 international experts developed the tool. Over 60,000 users in more than 150 countries have assessed their risk and provided data. The majority of respondents reported that they almost always keep their distance from others in public places, and most participants reported washing their hands after touching public or shared surfaces or when entering buildings. The tool, data, and results were openly shared to support government and health agencies developing behaviour change interventions. This tool creates a blueprint for similar digital infrastructure that can be replicated and used in future pandemics.
- Expectations, conditioning, and the placebo effect do not differ between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls but might be differently associatedPublication . Emergui, Galia; Agostinho, Mariana; Canaipa, Rita; Treister, RoiIntroduction: Individuals with chronic pain such as fibromyalgia (FM) are often experiencing disappointing outcomes from clinical therapies, which theoretically should condition them to experience low placebo analgesia. However, no consistent differences in the placebo effect were found between healthy controls (HC) and chronic pain patients. This study examined the expectations, conditioning, and placebo effect in HC and FM, and the relationships between these factors in both groups. Methods: Female HC and FM patients were recruited, provided demographic and clinical information and underwent the experimental placebo paradigm. This paradigm has the advantage of measuring expectations (baseline, reinforced, and after placebo), conditioning, and placebo effect. Mixed factorial ANCOVAs, correlational analysis, stepwise and moderation regression analysis were employed. Results: Thirty-seven HC and 32 FM patients participated. Three Mixed factorial ANCOVAs showed no main effects of group or interactions for expectations (p = .692), conditioning (p = .357), or placebo effect (p = .819). Reinforced expectations predicted the conditioning strength (r = .48, p = .008) and placebo effect (r = .44, p = .014) in HC but not in FM participants. In FM, duration of pain predicted the reinforced expectations (r = −.38, p = .035) and moderated the prediction of the placebo effect by the conditioning strength (b = .04, p = .011). Conclusion: While the classical placebo theorem is supported in healthy controls, with conditioning influencing expectations, which in turn predict the placebo effect, these associations are not observed in fibromyalgia, where prior clinical experience plays a more significant role. These findings underscore the impact of previous negative clinical experiences on the placebo effect and, possibly, on responses to effective treatments.
- Assessing the power of the Francis Psychological Type and Emotional Temperament Scales (FPTETS) to predict professional burnout alongside lifestyle and support choices among Catholic priests in PortugalPublication . Fabri, Janaína Mengal Gomes; Francis, Leslie J.; McKenna, Ursula; Roldão, Liliana Isabel Faria; Caldeira, Sílvia; Pereira, Eliane RamosThis study was designed to test the power of personality, engagement with leisure activities, and professional support, in order to predict susceptibility to professional burnout among Catholic priests in Portugal. Data provided by 208 priests who completed both the Francis Psychological Type and Emotional Temperament Scales and the Francis Burnout Inventory demonstrated that reported levels of burnout were significantly lower among stable extraverts and among those who engaged more frequently with leisure activities, while no further predictive power was associated with engaging a discipler or mentor. These findings carry implications for the pastoral care and pastoral oversight of priests.
- Meta-analysis on the impact of corporate social responsibility initiatives on consumer attitudes and behaviorPublication . Vale, Rita Coelho do; Matos, Pedro Verga; Almeida, Filipa deThe present research conducts a thorough meta-analysis to better understand the relationship and magnitude of the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on consumers’ behavior and attitudes, including multiple moderators (e.g., type of CSR initiatives, type of industry, and country development level). Data comprises 744 effect sizes, extracted from 165 research articles encompassing 67,270 participants. Altogether, the findings reinforce the importance of CSR to consumers, suggesting that companies benefit from incorporating CSR initiatives in their business practices, having a positive effect of medium magnitude when no specific moderators are considered in the analysis (r?=?.38; linear models?=?.25; correlations?=?.44). However, findings also indicate that when considering specific moderators (e.g., country development, industry type, and cultural characteristics) and consumer responses type (e.g., attitudinal vs behavioral), this magnitude can differ significantly, providing evidence that consumer engagement in CSR activities is multifaceted and does not always translate into the expected outcomes.
- Valorization of resistant starch from acorns as a new ingredient for chocolate milk puddingsPublication . Castro, Luís M. G.; Sousa, Sérgio C.; Machado, Manuela; Alexandre, Elisabete M. C.; Saraiva, Jorge A.; Pintado, ManuelaAim: Despite being a fruit rich in resistant starch, acorns remain undervalued. Resistant starch is known to improve food acceptability when compared to traditional insoluble fibers, and recent research suggests the usage of acorn starch as an additive in fermented yogurt and milk products. Furthermore, non-thermal technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure and pulsed electric field can produce clean-labelled starches. Milk puddings are widely consumed all over the world and are usually produced using representative amounts of starch, making them an enticing food matrix for incorporating acorn starches. Hence, the effects of replacing commercial corn starch with acorn starch extracted by high hydrostatic pressure and pulsed electric field on the nutritional composition, functional and sensorial properties, and shelf-life of puddings were studied. Methods: Extraction of starch from Quercus robur acorns was performed using high hydrostatic pressure or pulsed electric field. Extracted starch was used in chocolate puddings, replacing commercial corn starch. Shelf-life storage and microbiological analysis were conducted over 28 days, along with texture, color, pH, and nutritional composition assessments. Rheological properties, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro digestion, and soluble sugar, fatty acid, and salt content analyses were performed. Sensorial analysis was conducted with 71 volunteer panelists to evaluate the acceptability, preference, and similarity of puddings. Results: Replacing the commercial corn starch with acorn starch improves the rheological properties of puddings and has no negative impact on the nutritional composition, internal structure, or in vitro digestibility. Sensory analysis revealed that panelists preferred the acorn starch puddings over the control. After 28 days of storage at 4°C, there was a greater stabilization of the color parameters and an improvement in textural parameters of puddings without compromising microbial safety. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential usage of starch from acorns in food applications, a fruit that is so undervalued.
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