Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-10"
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- Bullying’s negative effect on academic achievementPublication . Gomes, Ana Maria; Martins, Mariana Costa; Farinha, Manuel; Silva, Beatriz; Ferreira, Edite; Caldas, Alexandre Castro; Brandão, TâniaBullying carries great harm for all involved, undermining academic achievement as well. The strength of such impact is yet to be clarified, existing many possibilities and variables to analyze – classroom behavior being one. The present cross-sectional investigation goal was to study the impact of bullying (mediated by the classroom behavior) on the academic achievement. Participants consisted of 288 children (from the 1st to 4th school years), 51% females and 49% males, and an average age of: M= 8.09 years (SD = 1.193; Min = 7.94, Max = 8.21). Children filled out a self-report questionnaire on bullying; their teachers reported on classroom behaviors and academic achievement. Results showed that the bullying situation itself, didn’t significantly explain the academic achievement of those involved. Indirect effects were found for both victims and perpetrators. Victims revealed worse school results through worse classroom behavior (specifically, excessive motor activity). Aggressor presented worse school results through worse classroom behavior (specifically, opposition behavior, excessive motor activity, and hyperactivity). These results highlight the importance of the educational agents’ attention to the existing behaviors in their classrooms, not only to the disruption established in each classroom’s environment, but as a possible sign of an involvement in the existing bullying dynamics.
- Los derechos de los trabajadores, los trabajadores migrantes y los sindicatos en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos HumanosPublication . Albuquerque, Paulo Pinto de
- Uma novela (1554), uma crónica (1557) e uma relação (1588): como se escrevem paisagens históricas?Publication . Gouveia, António CamõesA construção e compreensão de paisagens sonoras históricas da época moderna tem uma relação imediata com a documentação escrita ou visual, ou seja documentação não-sonora. A sua dimensão histórica ao depender de corpos documentais textuais, manuscritos ou impressos, e de visualizações iconográfcas, esculturais ou pictóricas, deverá sujeitar-se a todo o processo crítico e interpretativo operado nos saberes das áreas das artes sociais e humanas em que a história se inscreve.Com base nestas duas constatações, tão evidentes quanto conhecidas, o que se procurará aqui perceber será a implicação das obrigações retóricas, que os géneros literários desenham, na documentação dos sons. Para mais, os casos a estudar, situados no século XVI, uma época rica em variações conjunturais e de sociabilidade, detêm uma marca retórica cada vez melhor conhecida na dimensão de poder intelectual, e mesmo quotidiano, afirmativo, algo impositivo, ao mesmo tempo que enquadrador e limitativo ou amplificador. Para clarificar estas ideias, numa aproximação crítica às paisagens sonoras de espessura histórica, empreendeu-se uma sondagem em três obras de espacialidade, função e autoria literárias bem diferenciadas. Uma novela com impressão em 1554, escrita por Bernardim Ribeiro e que leva o nome de Hystoria de Menina e Moça. A Primeira parte das Chronicas da Ordem dos Frades Menores, de Frei Marcos de Lisboa OFM, impressas em 1557. E uma relação de 1588, que tem por autor Manoel de Campos e que apareceu sob o título de Relaçam do solenne recebimento que se fez em Lisboa ás santas reliquias que se leuáram á igreja de S. Roque. Uma novela de sentimentos cavaleirescos, uma crónica de poder conventual, uma relação de uma dádiva sacra de objectos de culto. Diferentes encomendadores, três autores, públicos leitores diferenciados... Que realidades e diferenças sonoras são registadas? Quais são as de conteúdo narrativo e aquelas que se implicam no seu género literário de suporte? Que sons ouve e regista um poeta, um cronista ou um narrador do imediato?
- Adherence to dietary recommendations, nutrient intake adequacy and diet quality among pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: results from the greecf studyPublication . Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Devetzi, Panagiota; Petrocheilou, Argyri; Kaditis, Athanasios G.; Papamitsou, Theodora; Doudounakis, Stavros E.; Vassilakou, ToniaNutrition is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy, with a high-fat diet being the cornerstone of treatment. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations for CF appears suboptimal and burdensome for most children and adolescents with CF, leading to malnutrition, inadequate growth, compromised lung function and increased risk for respiratory infections. A cross-sectional approach was deployed to examine the degree of adherence to the nutrition recommendations and diet quality among children with CF. A total of 76 children were recruited from Aghia Sophia’s Children Hospital, in Athens, Greece. In their majority, participants attained their ideal body weight, met the recommendations for energy and fat intake, exceeding the goal for saturated fatty acids consumption. Carbohydrate and fiber intake were suboptimal and most participants exhibited low or mediocre adherence to the Mediterranean diet prototype. It appears that despite the optimal adherence to the energy and fat recommendations, there is still room for improvement concerning diet quality and fiber intake.
- Investigação em cuidados paliativos em Portugal: rasgar caminhos, perspetivar futurosPublication . Pereira, Sandra Martins; Hernández-Marrero, Pablo
- O essencial é saber ler: Pessoa e RacismoPublication . Amado, NunoEm Fevereiro de 2019, num artigo publicado no Jornal de Angola, a presidente da Plataforma para o Desenvolvimento da Mulher Africana (PADEMA) acusou o poeta Fernando Pessoa de ter sido um “escravocrata racista”. A acusação de Luzia Moniz, na altura motivada pela escolha de Pessoa, por parte da CPLP, para patrono de um programa de intercâmbio universitário no espaço lusófono, baseia-se em três passagens avulsas de Pessoa, nas quais a suposta mácula se verifica indiscutivelmente. Este artigo oferece uma análise cuidada das três passagens em causa, reflecte acerca da importância do acto interpretativo e, não esquecendo o contexto de produção dos textos em que as passagens ocorrem, as intenções específicas do autor ao escrevê-los e a relação desses textos com outros textos pessoanos que ajudam a compreendê-los, procura questionar a legitimidade dessa acusação.
- Nanocellulose bio-based composites for food packagingPublication . Silva, Francisco A. G. S.; Dourado, Fernando; Gama, Miguel; Fátima PoçasThe food industry is increasingly demanding advanced and eco-friendly sustainable packaging materials with improved physical, mechanical and barrier properties. The currently used materials are synthetic and non-degradable, therefore raising environmental concerns. Consequently, research efforts have been made in recent years towards the development of bio-based sustainable packaging materials. In this review, the potential of nanocelluloses as nanofillers or as coatings for the development of bio-based nanocomposites is discussed, namely: (i) the physico-chemical interaction of nanocellulose with the adjacent polymeric phase, (ii) the effect of nanocellulose modification/functionalization on the final properties of the composites, (iii) the production methods for such composites, and (iv) the effect of nanocellulose on the overall migration, toxicity, and the potential risk to human health. Lastly, the technology readiness level of nanocellulose and nanocellulose based composites for the market of food packaging is discussed.
- Translation and validation of the modified A-DIVA scale to european portuguese: dicult intravenous access scale for adult patientsPublication . Santos-Costa, Paulo; Sousa, Liliana B.; Loon, Fredericus H.J. van; Salgueiro-Oliveira, Anabela; Parreira, Pedro; Vieira, Margarida; Graveto, JoãoAbstract: (1) Background: In Portugal, no accurate and reliable predictive instruments are known that could assist healthcare professionals in recognizing patients with diffcult venous access. Thus, this study aimed to translate and validate the Modified A-DIVA scale to European Portuguese. (2) Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases: translation of the Modified A-DIVA scale to European Portuguese following six stages proposed by Beaton and collaborators, and assessment of its psychometric properties in a non-probability sample of 100 patients who required peripheral intravenous catheterization in a Portuguese hospital. (3) Results: The European version of the Modified A-DIVA scale (A-DM scale) showed excellent inter-rater accordance scores, k = 0.593 (95% CI, 0.847 to 0.970), p < 0.0005. The A-DM scale’s criterion and construct validity was assessed through predictive, convergent, and correlational analysis with variables identified in the literature as associated with diffcult peripheral intravenous access, with moderate to large magnitudes and statistical significance. (4) Conclusions: The A-DM scale is a reliable and valid instrument that can support healthcare professionals and researchers in the early identification of patients at risk of diffcult peripheral intravenous access. Future validation studies are needed to test the A-DM scale’s applicability across clinical settings and in different patient cohorts.
- Parents, individualism and education: three paradigms and four countriesPublication . Fevre, Ralph; Guimarães, Isabel; Zhou, WeiThe UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) is an important indicator of the increased global importance of education. It defines the goal of education at the level of the child rather than the state, the community or household. The requirement that each child be treated as an individual who can expect to see their 'personality, talents and mental and physical abilities' fully developed, is an example of the individualism which features in three important theoretical paradigms for understanding the rise of education and training. We compare accounts of the global growth of education produced by functionalism, neoinstitutionalism and political economy with the help of qualitative research on children's experience of parental influences. The research is drawn from semi-structured interviews with millennial graduates in Portugal, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It reveals weaknesses in the paradigms which are related to the way each theorises individualism and the role it plays in parental influence on education. The functionalist and neoinstitutionalist conceptions of individualism limit the usefulness of these paradigms for understanding changes in the way families around the world prepare children for education. The political economy paradigm is more promising; however, an approach which identifies only one, neoliberal, version of individualism has limited purchase on international differences in parental influences and the way these influences are changing. An approach which can draw on the contrast between a cognitive individualism associated with neoliberalism, and sentimental individualism which originates in social movements, is more promising.
- How do people respond to small probability events with large, negative consequences?Publication . Eichenbaum, Martin; Matos, Miguel Godinho de; Lima, Francisco; Trabandt, Mathias; Rebelo, SergioWe study how people react to small probability events with large negative consequences using the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic as a natural experiment. Our analysis is based on a unique administrative data set with anonymized monthly expenditures at the individual level. We find that older consumers reduced their spending by more than younger consumers in a way that mirrors the age dependency in COVID-19 case-fatality rates. This differential expenditure reduction is much more prominent for high-contact goods than for low-contact goods and more pronounced in periods with high COVID-19 cases. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that people react to the risk of contracting COVID-19 in a way that is consistent with a canonical model of risk taking.