Browsing by Author "Singh, Srishti"
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- Biocides in food packaging: safety concerns and migration insightsPublication . Vieira, Tiago Monteiro; Singh, Srishti; Pereira, Joel; Poças, FátimaIntroduction: Context: Biocides such as BIT (1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one), CMIT (Chloromethylisothiazolinone), and MIT (Methylisothiazolinone) are commonly used in food packaging to preserve materials and ensure safety due to their antimicrobial properties. Problem: The potential migration of these biocides into food contact materials (FCMs) raises concerns, especially since their behavior under various conditions is not well understood. Objective: This study aims to characterize the extraction behavior of BIT, CMIT, and MIT from Kraft paper, focusing on its potential migration when used in food packaging. Results & Conclusions: The extraction of biocides from food packaging materials is influenced by the solvent type, temperature, and biocide properties (e.g., log Kow). BIT and CMIT showed higher solubility and extraction in ethanol, while MIT has a stronger affinity for water, reducing its extraction in ethanol. The complex interactions between temperature, solvent type, and the Kraft paper matrix affect biocide availability and migration patterns. Findings highlight the need for rigorous standards in food safety regarding biocide use in food packaging, emphasizing the need for further research of biocide behavior migration in various matrices.
- Multifunctional properties of PBAT with hemp (Cannabis sativa) micronised fibres for food packaging: cast films and coated paperPublication . Lamsaf, Hafsae; Singh, Srishti; Pereira, Joel; Poças, FátimaHemp (Cannabis sativa) stalk fibres from industry residues were incorporated into polybutylene adipate terephthalate, a synthetic biodegradable polyester, to produce films and paper coatings. The lignocellulosic components and the chemical composition of the fibres were analysed, and the results highlight the bioactivity due to cannabinoids, alkanoids, and lignin, among others, making the fibres attractive for active food packaging. The incorporation, without chemical modification, of 2% (w/w) hemp in the PBAT matrix increased the water vapour permeability of PBAT around 22%. The impact on mechanical properties was determined, and the results show that the PBAT/hemp film is less stretchable but stronger than the pure PBAT film. The incorporation of hemp enhanced significantly the compostability of PBAT. The PBAT/hemp films and paper coatings composted two times faster than those using pure PBAT.
- Safety profile of ZnO active packaging PBAT based biomaterial for food packaging: first tier evaluationPublication . Singh, Srishti; Pereira, Joel; Guerreiro, Patricia; Selbourne, Céu; Paula, Cidália; Cunha, António; Sousa, Clara; Poças, FátimaMaterials produced with polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and starch are raising great interest for packaging and food contact applications, including as support for active antimicrobial agents such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO). Studies focusing on the safety of these materials as evaluated with the current reference rules for food contact materials, are lacking. A commercially available PBAT/starch-based material was incorporated with ZnO and the overall and specific migration of the films were studied at different conditions of simulants and temperature. The overall migration (OM) limit is exceeded due to the release of starch as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The impact of temperature on the OM was higher for the ethanol 10%. The incorporation of ZnO particles reduced the OM, for both temperatures tested for ethanol 10%. The impact of incorporating ZnO in the migration into acetic acid was relevant at 20 °C only. Beside starch, most relevant migrants were PBAT oligomers made of butanediol and two different kinds of diacids, terephthalic acid or adipic acid. The cyclic diester of 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid, butenyl butanediol adipate in either cyclic and linear form and oligomers terephthalic acid, but-3-enyl hexadecyl ester were detected in an untargeted screening with GC-MS. A second TPA oligomer was not fully identified. The specific migration was in several cases, depending on the simulant and on the temperature, higher than 50 μgkg−1 (semi-quantification), the threshold value for requiring additional toxicity test (genotoxicity tests applied to oligomers below 1000 Da). This indicates the need for more detailed studies with more precise quantification to verify the need for toxicity tests.