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O internamento numa unidade de cuidados intensivos : a experiência vivida da pessoa em situação crítica
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Abstract(s)
O internamento numa unidade de cuidados intensivos é uma situação abrupta, inesperada, traduzindo um acontecimento único para a pessoa alterando temporariamente os seus projetos de vida quotidiana, ou até mesmo constituindo uma ameaça à sua existência. Definiu-se como questão de Investigação que orienta o nosso estudo: Qual a experiência vivida da pessoa em situação crítica, durante o internamento numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI)? E como objetivo deste estudo: Explorar a experiência vivida da pessoa em situação crítica durante o internamento numa UCI. A investigação insere-se no paradigma qualitativo e no âmbito deste numa abordagem fenomenológica. Optámos por um desenho fenomenológico descritivo, inspirado na fenomenologia transcendental de Husserl e na abordagem descritiva de Amadeo Giorgi (1985,1997). A abordagem fenomenológica permitiu o acesso à narrativa da experiência vivida de doze participantes, que acederam ser entrevistados e partilhar a sua experiência vivida durante o internamento na unidade de cuidados intensivos. Os participantes têm idades compreendidas entre os 27 e os 77 anos. Nove são do sexo feminino e três do masculino. Da análise das narrativas foi possível identificar a estrutura essencial que reflete a natureza da experiência vivida da pessoa em situação crítica durante o internamento numa UCI. Esta é constituída por três componentes da estrutura nomeadamente “Sentir-se preso – A perda de controlo sobre o seu corpo”, “Entre a vida e a morte “ e “ A necessidade de segurança”. A experiência vivida da pessoa em situação crítica durante o internamento na unidade de cuidados intensivos é uma experiência de sofrimento, vivida de forma única e singular, confrontando-se a pessoa em situação crítica (PSC) ao acordar na UCI com um ambiente completamente desconhecido, rodeada por equipamentos e profissionais. Para os participantes do estudo foi assustador e desesperante. A pessoa apercebe-se que tem um corpo transformado pela doença, um corpo que não consegue controlar e que já não identifica como sendo seu. A PSC encontra-se num estado de vulnerabilidade e fragilidade humana, estando a sua existência comprometida sendo a morte uma possibilidade. É um internamento pautado pela dúvida em que a vida e a morte são uma constante. A PSC necessita de se sentir segura valorizando acima de tudo o atendimento imediato às suas solicitações possível pela presença, interesse e prontidão da pessoa do enfermeiro que a acompanha continuamente, sentindo-se cuidada. A família representa um porto de abrigo sendo como um farol que ilumina o seu caminho.
Being in an Intensive Care Unit is an abrupt and unexpected situation, reflecting an unique event for the Person in Critical Condition, that changes temporarily their life projects and can also be a life threatening situation. The investigation question that defines and orientates our study is: What is the lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition, during their stay in an Intensive Care Unit? And the objective of this study: To explore the lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition during their stay in Intensive Care Unit. The investigation is part of a qualitative paradigm in the ambit of a phenomenological approach. We opted for a descriptive phenomenological design, inspired on Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and a descriptive approach by Amadeo Giorgi (1985, 1997). The phenomenological approach allowed access to the narrative of lived experience by twelve participants that agreed to be interviewed and to share them lived experience during their stay in an Intensive Care Unit. The participant’s ages are between 27 and 77 years old. Nine female and three males. From analyzing the narratives, was possible identify the essential structure that reflects the nature of the lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition during their admission in an Intensive Care Unit. This consists of three components of the structure, as “feeling trapped – loss of control over the body”, “Between live and death” and “The need for safety”. The lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition during hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit, is an experience of suffering experienced in a unique and singular way, confronting the Person in Critical Condition upon waking in an Intensive Care Unit, in a completely strange environment, surrounded by equipment and health care professionals. It was scary, exasperating for the participant. The person realizes that the body was changed by disease, a body that they cannot control and that is no longer perceived as their own. The Person is found in a state of human vulnerability and fragility, where their existence is compromised and death is a possibility. It’s an admission guided by doubt, where life and death is a constant. The Person in Critical Condition needs to feel safe, valuing above all immediate attention to their requests, by presence, interest and readiness of the nurse that is looking after them, making the Person feel cared for. Family represents a safe haven, like a lighthouse that illuminates their path.
Being in an Intensive Care Unit is an abrupt and unexpected situation, reflecting an unique event for the Person in Critical Condition, that changes temporarily their life projects and can also be a life threatening situation. The investigation question that defines and orientates our study is: What is the lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition, during their stay in an Intensive Care Unit? And the objective of this study: To explore the lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition during their stay in Intensive Care Unit. The investigation is part of a qualitative paradigm in the ambit of a phenomenological approach. We opted for a descriptive phenomenological design, inspired on Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and a descriptive approach by Amadeo Giorgi (1985, 1997). The phenomenological approach allowed access to the narrative of lived experience by twelve participants that agreed to be interviewed and to share them lived experience during their stay in an Intensive Care Unit. The participant’s ages are between 27 and 77 years old. Nine female and three males. From analyzing the narratives, was possible identify the essential structure that reflects the nature of the lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition during their admission in an Intensive Care Unit. This consists of three components of the structure, as “feeling trapped – loss of control over the body”, “Between live and death” and “The need for safety”. The lived experience by the Person in Critical Condition during hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit, is an experience of suffering experienced in a unique and singular way, confronting the Person in Critical Condition upon waking in an Intensive Care Unit, in a completely strange environment, surrounded by equipment and health care professionals. It was scary, exasperating for the participant. The person realizes that the body was changed by disease, a body that they cannot control and that is no longer perceived as their own. The Person is found in a state of human vulnerability and fragility, where their existence is compromised and death is a possibility. It’s an admission guided by doubt, where life and death is a constant. The Person in Critical Condition needs to feel safe, valuing above all immediate attention to their requests, by presence, interest and readiness of the nurse that is looking after them, making the Person feel cared for. Family represents a safe haven, like a lighthouse that illuminates their path.
Description
Keywords
Pessoa em situação crítica Unidade de cuidados intensivos Enomenologia Experiência vivida Enfermagem Person in critical condition Intensive care unit Phenomenology Lived experience Nursing