Bosson, Jennifer K.Jurek, PawełVandello, Joseph A.Kosakowska-Berezecka, NataszaOlech, MichałBesta, TomaszBender, MichaelHoorens, VeraBecker, MajaSevincer, A. TimurBest, Deborah L.Dandy, JustineLemus, Soledad deDhakal, SandeshDvorianchikov, NikolayEgami, SonokoEtchezahar, EdgardoEsteves, Carla SofiaFelix, NetoFroehlich, LauraGarcia-Sanchez, EfrainMoscatelli, SilviaGavreliuc, AlinGavreliuc, DanaGomez, ÁngelGuizzo, FrancescaGraf, SylvieGreijdanus, HedyGrigoryan, AniGrzymała-Moszczyńska, JoannaGuerch, KeltoumaSendén, Marie GustafssonMoynihan, Andrew BryanHale, Miriam LinneaHämer, HannahHirai, MikaDuc, Lam HoangHřebíčková, MartinaHutchings, Paul B.Jensen, Dorthe HøjJasinskaja-Lahti, IngaKarabati, SerdarKelmendi, KaltrinaMuller, DominiqueKengyel, GabriellaKhachatryan, NarineGhazzawi, RawanKinahan, MaryKirby, Teri A.Kovács, MonikaKozlowski, DesireeKrivoshchekov, VladislavKulich, ClaraKurosawa, TaiNarhetali, EritaAn, Nhan Thi LacLabarthe, JavierLatu, IoanaLauri, Mary AnneMankowski, EricLawal, Abiodun MusbauLi, JunyiLindner, JanaLindqvist, AnnaMaitner, Angela T.Neto, FélixMakarova, ElenaMakashvili, AnaMalayeri, SheraMalik, SadiaMancini, TizianaManzi, ClaudiaMari, SilviaMartiny, Sarah E.Mayer, Claude HélèneMihić, VladimirNoels, Kimberly A.Đorđević, Jasna MiloševićMoreno-Bella, EvaNyúl, BoglárkaO’Connor, Emma C.Ochoa, Danielle P.Ohno, SachikoSafdar, SabaAdebayo, Sulaiman OlanrewajuOsborne, RandallPacilli, Maria GiuseppinaPalacio, JorgePatnaik, SnigdhaPavlopoulos, VassilisLeón, Pablo Pérez dePiterová, IvanaPorto, Juliana BarreirosPuzio, AngelicaWłodarczyk, AnnaPyrkosz-Pacyna, JoannaPérez, Erico RenteríaRenström, EmmaRousseaux, TiphaineRyan, Michelle K.Sainz, MarioSalvati, MarcoSamekin, AdilSchindler, SimonSeydi, MasoumehZawisza, MagdalenaShepherd, DebraSherbaji, SaraSchmader, ToniSimão, CláudiaSobhie, RositaSouza, Lucille DeSarter, EmmaSulejmanović, DijanaSullivan, Katie E.Tatsumi, MarikoŻadkowska, MagdalenaTavitian-Elmadjian, LucyThakur, Suparna JainChi, Quang Thi MongTorre, BeatrizTorres, AnaTorres, Claudio V.Türkoğlu, BerilUngaretti, JoaquínValshtein, TimothyLaar, Colette VanAbuhamdeh, SamiNoll, Jolanda van derVasiutynskyi, VadymVauclair, Christin MelanieVenäläinen, SatuVohra, NeharikaWalentynowicz, MartaWard, ColleenYang, YapingYzerbyt, VincentZanello, ValeskaAgyemang, Collins BaduZapata-Calvente, Antonella LudmilaŽukauskienė, RitaAkbaş, GülçinAlbayrak-Aydemir, NihanAmmirati, SolineAnderson, JoelAnjum, GulnazAriyanto, AmarinaAruta, John Jamir Benzon R.Ashraf, MujeebaBakaitytė, AistéBertolli, ChiaraBërxulli, DashamirBi, ChongzengBlock, KatharinaBoehnke, MandyBongiorno, RenataBosak, JanineCasini, AnnalisaChen, QingweiChi, PeilianAdoric, Vera CubelaDaalmans, Serena2021-03-292021-03-2920210022-0221http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/32344Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.engAmbivalence toward menAmbivalent sexismPrecarious manhood beliefsPsychometric isomorphismjournal article10.1177/002202212199799785102196306000626198900001