Constantino Portela, Maria Da ConceiçãoBorges, Pedro CastroThanassoulis, Emmanuel2011-09-092011-09-092003"Journal of Productivity Analysis". ISSN 1573-0441.19: 2-3 (2003) 251-269http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/5354This paper draws attention for the fact that traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models do not provide the closest possible targets (or peers) to inefficient units, and presents a procedure to obtain such targets. It focuses on non-oriented efficiency measures (which assume that production units are able to control, and thus change, inputs and outputs simultaneously) both measured in relation to a Free Disposal Hull (FDH) technology and in relation to a convex technology. The approaches developed for finding close targets are applied to a sample of Portuguese bank branches.engDEAFDHNon-oriented efficiency measuresQuad treesjournal article10.1023/A:1022813702387