Korman, MariaFleischmann, ChenTkachev, VadimReis, CátiaKomada, YokoGubin, DenisKumar, VinodKitamura, ShingoRoenneberg, Till2025-10-202025-10-202025-08-01Korman, M., Fleischmann, C., Tkachev, V., & Reis, C. et al. (in press). Relaxation of social time pressure reveals tight coupling between daily sleep and eating behavior and extends the interval between last and first meal. Sleep. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaf2470161-8105e271188c-2188-4f88-8ab3-88c6e314e3e5http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/55393Study Objectives: As a day-active species, humans abstain from some or all foods and beverages and rest at night. The modern social clock diverged from the natural light–dark clock with far-stretching consequences for both fasting/eating and sleep/wake daily cycles. Methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic, prolonged social restrictions (SRs) offered a quasi-experimental protocol to directly test the impact of the relaxed social clock on eating and sleep behaviors and the coupling between them. Results: Using data from a global survey of 5747 adults (mean age 37.2 ± 13.7, 67.1% females, 100% worked/studied), we show that relaxation of the social time pressure (STP) during SRs led, on average, to a 42 min increase in the habitual fasting duration (FD, interval between the last and the first meal) (from 12:16 ± 2:09 to 12:57 ± 2:04) and a 34 min delay in the fasting window. FD was extended by lengthening both the presleep fasting and sleep durations. Pre-SR breakfast eaters delayed sleep and fasting, while breakfast skippers delayed sleep and advanced meals. Stopping alarm use on workdays was associated with a larger increase in FD. The correlations between chronotype, FD, and the mid-fasting time became more robust during SR. Conclusions: We conclude that relaxed STP extends habitual FD and promotes co-alignment of daily fasting and sleeping. Given the finding that the sleep-fasting phase relationship during SRs remained stable, we suggest that a “daily sleep-fasting structure” may be a novel circadian marker quantifying the coupling between daily rhythms. These results may inform strategies of public circadian health management.engCircadian rhythmsDaily behaviorDaily schedulesNutritionSocial time pressureresearch article10.1093/sleep/zsaf24740832902001588158500001