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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho de investigação visa, do ponto de vista da comunicação, avaliar o impacto da mediatização da justiça na modelação ou determinação dos contornos da opinião pública. O trabalho de campo foca o caso Isaltino Morais.
O interesse que os casos mediáticos suscitam nos órgãos de comunicação social pode fazer com que os mesmos tenham um tratamento noticioso que poderá formatar a opinião pública. Importa perguntar se poderemos estar perante objetivos pré-definidos ou se os resultados são meras consequências.
A relação entre a Justiça e os media continua a levantar várias questões e a suscitar um debate intensivo nos nossos dias. A questão que se coloca é a de saber se deve haver uma cisão entre as duas áreas, e em que termos, ou se, por outro lado deve ser estabelecida uma relação de proximidade com o objetivo de informar o público e garantir os princípios de uma democracia que se quer verdadeira.
A preocupação central da presente investigação é a articulação entre a opinião pública, os media e os factos inerentes ao processo judicial de Isaltino Morais. Existindo uma acusação e uma condenação judicial, releva perguntar, pois, em que medida pesa a sentença da opinião pública. Será que o conhecimento que o público tem do processo é coincidente com quanto vai nos tribunais? Terão os media contribuído para esse conhecimento?
Num primeiro momento procurou-se explorar, do ponto de vista teórico, os principais aspetos relativos à opinião pública, aos media e ao segredo de justiça enquanto garante da paz processual e do normal funcionamento da justiça em Portugal.
No âmbito do estudo levado a cabo, optou-se por uma metodologia de pesquisa mista com o intuito de obter dados relevantes para a investigação em curso. Foram aplicados questionários a um universo de 173 pessoas; foram estudadas as peças processuais do caso Isaltino Morais; foram recolhidas as notícias publicadas pelos jornais Correio da Manhã, Público e Expresso no período relativo à acusação formal e à sentença transitada em julgado; Foi também realizada uma entrevista ao ex-autarca de forma a conhecer o ponto de vista pessoal do principal interveniente desta “história". Apesar da relação direta, na qualidade de Advogada, com o caso judicial escolhido, procurou-se não comprometer a objetividade que se pretende imputar à presente investigação. A forma singular e subjetiva com que se conduziu a presente investigação não impedirão um olhar crítico sobre factos e realidades. Aliás, não poderia ser de outra forma sob pena de ser posta em causa a abordagem científica que, acima de tudo, se pretende salvaguardar com o presente trabalho de investigação. Esta abordagem científica sobre o tema permite um olhar aprofundado sobre as teorias e conceitos que permitirão chegar a conclusões em resposta às questões formuladas.
A reflexão e as considerações finais demonstraram que nem tudo vai bem nesta corrente trifásica que se pretende funcional (opinião pública, media e justiça). Devemos, pois, compreender o papel de cada elemento desta complexa teia em prol do que verdadeiramente contribuiria para um sistema perfeito que somente teria lugar numa sociedade que, do ponto de vista filosófico, seria também ela perfeita.
The present research thesis aims to, from the point of view of communication, assess the impact of the mediatization of justice coverage in the shaping and formulation of the public opinion. The research of the current field work focuses on the case of Isaltino Morais. The interest that the most mediatized cases raise in the media has a particular impact on how they treated by the news and therefore how these cases are perceived by public opinion. It is legitimate to ask whether the media pursue pre-defined objectives in the way how they treat the afore-mentioned cases, or the latter are mere consequences of such a treatment. The relationship between the media and justice raises several questions and is a source of an intense debate. The question that arises is that of whether there should be a split between the two areas, and on what terms, or if, on the other hand there should be a closer link between the media and justice with the aim of informing the public opinion and ensuring the principles of democracy are truly materialized. The key point of the current research is to analyse the relationship between the public, the media and the facts inherent to the judicial legal process related to the Isaltino Morais case. In the referred case, there are charge and a criminal conviction, both which are important elements to measure the judgment of the public opinion. Nonetheless, it is important to pose several questions. Does the public has the some knowledge of the process as the one possessed by the courts? Did the media contribute to this knowledge? In a first phase, we aim to analyse, from a theoretical point of view, the main aspects related to the concept of public opinion, the media and the principle of confidentiality inherent to the judicial process, which are paramount to the Portuguese legal procedural process, as well as to the due and regular functioning of the justice system in Portugal. With the main goal of obtaining reliable information relevant to the research work of the present thesis, a mixed research methodology has been utilized. These methods are described in the following paragraph. Questionnaires were applied to a universe of 173 people; the pleadings of Isaltino Morais case were studied; the news published by the newspapers Correio da Manhã, Público and Expresso at the time of the indictment and the final judgment were taken analysed and taken into consideration. An oral interview with the former mayor was also conducted with the goal of providing the personal point of view the main party of the current research work. Despite the existence of a personal direct relationship between the author of the present thesis, serving as lawyer, and the research case, this fact does not influences the objectivity of the current research work, as the research has been conducted in a scientific and with an approach that only allows a pure objective analysis of the facts and reality inherent to the case studied, and which main goal was to safeguard the present research work. This scientific approach allows therefore an in-depth look at the theories and concepts, which will enable a set of conclusions in response to the questions posed throughout the thesis. This work will show that the current triangular relation between public opinion, media and justice is far from perfect. We must therefore understand the role of each of this components in the complex web of intrisicated relationships and principles that only in a purely philosophical domain, it could be described as perfect.
The present research thesis aims to, from the point of view of communication, assess the impact of the mediatization of justice coverage in the shaping and formulation of the public opinion. The research of the current field work focuses on the case of Isaltino Morais. The interest that the most mediatized cases raise in the media has a particular impact on how they treated by the news and therefore how these cases are perceived by public opinion. It is legitimate to ask whether the media pursue pre-defined objectives in the way how they treat the afore-mentioned cases, or the latter are mere consequences of such a treatment. The relationship between the media and justice raises several questions and is a source of an intense debate. The question that arises is that of whether there should be a split between the two areas, and on what terms, or if, on the other hand there should be a closer link between the media and justice with the aim of informing the public opinion and ensuring the principles of democracy are truly materialized. The key point of the current research is to analyse the relationship between the public, the media and the facts inherent to the judicial legal process related to the Isaltino Morais case. In the referred case, there are charge and a criminal conviction, both which are important elements to measure the judgment of the public opinion. Nonetheless, it is important to pose several questions. Does the public has the some knowledge of the process as the one possessed by the courts? Did the media contribute to this knowledge? In a first phase, we aim to analyse, from a theoretical point of view, the main aspects related to the concept of public opinion, the media and the principle of confidentiality inherent to the judicial process, which are paramount to the Portuguese legal procedural process, as well as to the due and regular functioning of the justice system in Portugal. With the main goal of obtaining reliable information relevant to the research work of the present thesis, a mixed research methodology has been utilized. These methods are described in the following paragraph. Questionnaires were applied to a universe of 173 people; the pleadings of Isaltino Morais case were studied; the news published by the newspapers Correio da Manhã, Público and Expresso at the time of the indictment and the final judgment were taken analysed and taken into consideration. An oral interview with the former mayor was also conducted with the goal of providing the personal point of view the main party of the current research work. Despite the existence of a personal direct relationship between the author of the present thesis, serving as lawyer, and the research case, this fact does not influences the objectivity of the current research work, as the research has been conducted in a scientific and with an approach that only allows a pure objective analysis of the facts and reality inherent to the case studied, and which main goal was to safeguard the present research work. This scientific approach allows therefore an in-depth look at the theories and concepts, which will enable a set of conclusions in response to the questions posed throughout the thesis. This work will show that the current triangular relation between public opinion, media and justice is far from perfect. We must therefore understand the role of each of this components in the complex web of intrisicated relationships and principles that only in a purely philosophical domain, it could be described as perfect.
Description
Keywords
Opinião pública Justiça Media Acusação Sentença Segredo de justiça Processo Public opinion Justice Prosecution Judgment Confidentiality principle Legal process